79 Reading: Social Responsibility Initiatives
The Business Case for Social Responsibility
Regardless of broader benefits, there is a strong business case for social responsibility. Public companies’ stock prices benefit from strong social responsibility initiatives.
In fact, socially responsible investing and one of its subsets, impact investing, accounted for more than $1 out of every $4 under professional management in the U.S., according to a 2018 survey by the U.S. Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment. This amounts to over $12 trillion in assets under management yearly.[1]
For marketers, the desire for socially responsible products and companies is driven by consumers. Nearly 30 percent of consumers plan to increase the number of goods and/or services they buy from socially responsible companies in the coming year. Twenty-five percent avoided buying products from an enterprise because they thought it wasn’t socially responsible.[2]
Social Responsibility Programs
In defining social responsibility programs and goals, companies are acknowledging a commitment to creating a better world. How do they determine where to focus these efforts and what are they trying to achieve? Generally, companies are expanding on unique market strengths that benefit society and trying to reduce the negative impact of their products on society. As with any other business strategy, an approach that is customized to the company and its market is likelier to have a greater impact. For example, Coca-Cola’s emphasis on preventing childhood obesity acknowledges and addresses a risk that the company brings to its market. If Exxon Mobile launched a childhood obesity initiative, it wouldn’t have the same impact. The company’s oil and gas offerings don’t have a direct impact on childhood obesity, and thus it would raise questions about the energy company’s commitment to addressing issues much closer to home—i.e., the serious impact that Exxon Mobile products have on the environment.
Many companies are implementing a host of social responsibility strategies through sustainable product initiatives.
Creating Sustainable Products
A sustainable product is constantly environmental-friendly during its entire life. That is, from the moment the raw materials are extracted to the moment the final product is disposed of, there must be no permanent damage to the environment.[3]
A sustainable product focus may include:
- Use of organic raw materials
- Sustainably harvesting of raw materials
- Emphasizing human rights and labor conditions in sourcing decisions
- Use of renewable energy in the production process
- Ensuring that the use of the product creates a positive impact on the community
- Creating product recycling and reuse options
- Improving the impact of the product’s use on human and environmental health
The intent of a sustainable product strategy is that the company is identifying the impact of its products on society at every phase of the product lifecycle, and minimizing the negative impacts. Sustainable product initiatives are so broad in scope that they often encompass all of the social responsibility initiatives. This broad scope also requires companies to be focused and realistic about what they can achieve, setting appropriate objectives that demonstrate progress and identify where more work is needed.
As the world’s largest retailer, Walmart faces unique challenges in product sustainability. It must not only focus on its stores, but on the products provided and transported by a broad network of suppliers. To address this, Walmart had partnered with The Sustainability Consortium to create a sustainability index that could be used to set standards and measure progress across its value chain. The goals of the index were to:
- Improve the sustainability of the products customers love
- Integrate sustainability into the business of buying and selling merchandise
- Reduce cost, improve product quality and create a more resilient supply chain
- Strengthen customers’ trust in retailers and the brands we carry
The company cited progress in its work.
One great example of how we are delivering impact is through the progress we’ve made on our goal to eliminate 20 million metric tons (MMT) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the supply chain. Through our partnership with the Environmental Defense Fund and by leveraging the Index as a tool to gain buy-in and create accountability, we’ve:
- Eliminated 7.575 MMT of GHG by the end of 2013
- Implemented projects that are estimated to eliminate 18MMT of GHG emissions by the end of 2015
Ever since then Walmart has hit a couple of other milestones such as becoming the largest on-site green power generator in the US, strengthen their sustainable sourcing requirements for products containing paper and pulp, launched the “Beyond the Bag” initiative to reinvented the single-use plastic bag and more. [4]
Walmart still has significant work ahead, but independent evaluations have been positive. Joel Makower of Green Biz reports that Walmart’s sustainability initiatives are having a real impact, both on its operations and those of the companies in its supply chain. He also notes that some of that progress is offset by the company’s rapid growth.[5]
- U.S. Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment. "Sustainable and Impact Investing— Overview." Accessed April 17, 2020. ↵
- Field, A. (2013, April 05). Consumers Like Social Responsibility--but They Aren't Sure What a Social Enterprise Is. Forbes.http://www.forbes.com/sites/annefield/2013/04/05/consumers-like-social-responsibility-but-they-arent-sure-what-a-social-enterprise-is/ ↵
- Frank-Martin B. and Peattie, K. (2009). Sustainability Marketing: A Global Perspective. Wiley, United Kingdom. ↵
- Sustainability Timeline: Walmart's Journey to a Better Future. (n.d.). Corporate Walmart. https://corporate.walmart.com/sustainability-timeline ↵
- Makower, J. (2015, November 17). Walmart sustainability at 10: An assessment. greenbiz. http://www.greenbiz.com/article/walmart-sustainability-10-assessment ↵