Chapter 14: Supporting Details
We have seen how supporting details are in paragraphs to support, explain, and clarify the main idea. Now we will learn about the 2 types of supporting details.
Major Supporting Details (Major Details)
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Major details directly support or explain the main idea.
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Every main idea needs major details to support and explain it.
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Major supporting details are more specific than the main idea.
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Transitions are often used to alert readers to the major supporting details.
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We can often count a writer’s major supporting details.
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Paragraphs need major supporting details, but there is no set number required.
Example
Social media has had a profound impact on communication. Platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook have revolutionized the way people connect with friends and family. Users can share photos, videos, and thoughts instantly with a global audience. Additionally, social media has become a powerful tool for businesses to reach consumers and build brand loyalty. Paid influencers, as well as traditional advertisements, are able to target consumers through analytics. Furthermore, these platforms have facilitated the rise of social movements and activism, allowing people to organize and mobilize around shared causes. The “me too” movement is just one of many started and carried out online through social media.
The main idea is highlighted in yellow. The major supporting details are highlighted in green.
Minor Supporting Details (Minor Details)
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Minor details are even more specific than major details.
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They directly support and explain major details.
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Minor details are used when further, more detailed and specific information is needed.
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Not every major detail needs a minor detail; sometimes major details are clear by themselves.
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Minor details help us make mental pictures as we read, but they are not as important as the major details. We won’t always agree how many there are.
Examples
Social media has had a profound impact on communication. Platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook have revolutionized the way people connect with friends and family. Users can share photos, videos, and thoughts instantly with a global audience. Additionally, social media has become a powerful tool for businesses to reach consumers and build brand loyalty. Paid influencers, as well as traditional advertisements, are able to target consumers through analytics. Furthermore, these platforms have facilitated the rise of social movements and activism, allowing people to organize and mobilize around shared causes. The “me too” movement is just one of many started and carried out online through social media.
The main idea is highlighted in yellow. The major supporting details are highlighted in green. The minor supporting details are highlighted in blue.
Mapping and Outlining
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Comprehension: Mapping or outlining as we listen to lectures or read articles or chapters will help us connect to and remember the information we may need to explain or use later. Research shows that taking information from one form, such a paragraph, and restructuring it, such as into a map, helps with comprehension.
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Note-taking: Mapping and outlining makes our notes more visual, which helps information “stick.” Maps and outlines require fewer words while also showing the relationships between points, so we get more of the important information in our notes and less distracting fluff.
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Brainstorming: You may be familiar with mapping and outlining as strategies to generate ideas for essays. They also allow us to build on our ideas and draw connections.
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Writing: An outline becomes a roadmap. It keeps us on target to include relevant details and support our points. It helps our reader follow along with our points.
Mapping
Concept mapping is the visual organization of ideas. These maps, or webs, illustrate the information in levels, with the topic or main idea usually located in the center or at the top of the web, and details branching off from there. As the map spreads out, the details get more and more specific.
Outlining
Outlining is another method of organizing information in a hierarchy. It involves breaking down a topic into main ideas, major details, minor details, and often even further.
This outline shows the relationship between a paragraph’s main idea and its major and minor supporting details. In an outline, as information gets more specific, it gets indented, or “pushed in.” Each level of information has a unique symbol.
I. Main Idea
A. Major Supporting Detail
1. Minor Supporting Detail
2. Minor Supporting Detail
B. Major Supporting Detail
1. Minor Supporting Detail
2. Minor Supporting Detail
3. Minor Supporting Detail
C. Major Supporting Detail
Example Outline 1
I. Social media has had a profound impact on communication.
A. Platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook have revolutionized the way people connect with friends and family.
1. Users can share photos, videos, and thoughts instantly with a global audience.
B. Additionally, social media has become a powerful tool for businesses to reach consumers and build brand loyalty.
1. Paid influencers, as well as traditional advertisements, are able to target consumers through analytics.
C. Furthermore, these platforms have facilitated the rise of social movements and activism, allowing people to organize and mobilize around shared causes.
1. The “Me Too” movement is just one of many started and carried out online through social media.
Example Outline 2
I. Vape laws have been put in place to minimize underage vaping.
A. It is illegal to sell flavored cartridges
1. The initial lawsuit against Juul brand back when vapes predominantly used cartridges led to this law.
2. Sweet flavors were thought to make vaping more desirable to children.
B. Law requires vape purchasers to be 21 or older.
1. This changed from 18 or older in 2019.
2. This new age requirement for purchasing vapes brought them in line with all other nicotine products.
Keys to Outlining
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As information gets more specific, it needs to be indented, or pushed in, a few spaces.
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Each level of information needs a unique symbol.
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All main ideas should line up with each other and have the same type of symbol, just as all major details should line up with each other and have the same type of symbol, and all minor details should line up and have the same type of symbol.
Practice 14.1
Practice 14.2
- Survey the paragraph and predict the topic.
- Read the paragraph.
- Choose the number of the sentence which states the main idea.
- Choose the number of each sentence which includes a major supporting detail.
Topic:
(1)The teenage years have a reputation for being filled with freedom, fun times, and friends. (2)In actuality, it is more often a tumultuous period which includes myriadchallenges for which teens could use support, understanding, and resources. (3)Academic pressure to achieve high grades and gain acceptance to colleges can create immense stress. (4)There are many academic and application deadlines to deal with, as well as the uncertainty of life after high school. (5)Additionally, the desire to fit in socially often leads to peer pressure and the adoption of unhealthy behaviors. (6)For instance, drug and alcohol use stemming from the desire to belong can turn into abuse. (7)Body image concerns and self-esteem issues are also prevalent among teenagers, exacerbated by the unrealistic beauty standards often portrayed in media. (8)Furthermore, the increasing reliance on technology can contribute to issues such as cyberbullying, addiction, and sleep deprivation.
Paragraph #2
Topic:
Main Idea:
Major Details:
(1)Fought primarily over the issue of slavery, the American Civil War, which ran from 1861 to 1865, resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians. (2)Approximately 360,000 Union soldiers and 258 Confederate soldiers died during that time, as well as nearly 50,000 civilians. (3)Most of these civilian deaths were in the South since that is where most of the battles occurred. (4)The conflict also led to the destruction of property and infrastructure across the South. (5)Ultimately, the Union victory and the subsequent passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments brought an end to slavery and granted citizenship and voting rights to African Americans. (6)Clearly, the American Civil War was a pivotal event in the nation’s history.
Paragraph #3
Topic:
Main Idea:
Major Details:
(1)Cornell Notes have several benefits. (2)First, they help keep notes neat and systematically arranged. (3)It is easier to find what we are looking for if we have a consistent system. (4)Additionally, taking Cornell Notes promotes active learning because we have to think through things in order to organize ideas and sum up in our own words. (5)It doesn’t allow us to just read or listen passively. (6)This active engagement makes us more likely to remember the material. (7)Cornell Notes also provide us with a solid way to review material. (8)Finally, the system is adaptable. (9)It works for taking lecture notes or notes from reading material such as textbook chapters and research articles. (10)We can make the system work for us by color-coding, using symbols and pictures, or taking notes digitally.
Practice 14.3
Outline #1
I. Main Idea: It is not a good idea to let children have social media accounts.
A. Major:
i. Minor
ii. Minor
B. Major:
i. Minor
ii. Minor
Outline #2
I. Main Idea: I use several strategies to be successful in this class.
A. Major:
i. Minor
ii. Minor
B. Major:
i. Minor
ii. Minor
Attributions
Strengthening Reading and Comprehension by Audrey Cross and Katherine Sorenson is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Media Attributions
- Building support on streets of Chrzanów, Poland © Jakub Pabis
- Image of main idea and details hierarchy © Shelley Decker
(prə-found′), adj.
Deep in meaning, intensity, or significance.
(kən-soo′mər), n.
A person who purchases goods or services for personal use.
(fə-sĭl′ĭ-tāt), v.
To make a process or action easier or more efficient.
(moov′mənt), n.
An act of changing physical location or position; a group of people working together to advance a shared idea or cause.
(mō′bə-līz), v.
To organize or prepare people or resources for action, especially in response to a need or crisis.
(spĭ-sĭf-ĭk), adj.
Clearly defined, detailed, or particular in nature.
(mĭr′ē-əd), n.
A countless or extremely large number of something.
(mĭr′ē-əd), adj.
Countless or innumerable.