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Appendix D. Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials

Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials

Half-Reaction

E° (V)
Ag+ + e−⟶ Ag +0.7996
AgCl + e−⟶ Ag + Cl− +0.22233
[Ag(CN)2]− + e−⟶ Ag + 2 CN− −0.31
Ag2CrO4 + 2 e− ⟶ 2 Ag + CrO42− +0.45
[Ag(NH3)2]+ + e− ⟶ Ag + 2 NH3 +0.373
[Ag(S2O3)2]3+ + e− ⟶ Ag + 2 S2O32− +0.017
[AlF6]3− + 3 e− ⟶ Al + 6 F− −2.07
Al3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Al −1.662
Am3+ + 3 e−⟶ Am −2.048
Au3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Au +1.498
Au+ + e− ⟶ Au +1.692
Ba2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Ba −2.912
Be2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Be −1.847
Br2(aq) + 2 e− ⟶ 2 Br− +1.0873
Ca2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Ca −2.868
Ce3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Ce −2.483
Ce4+ + e− ⟶ Ce3+ +1.61
Cd2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Cd −0.4030
[Cd(CN)4]2− + 2 e− ⟶ Cd + 4 CN− −1.09
[Cd(NH3)4]2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Cd + 4 NH3 −0.61
CdS + 2 e− ⟶ Cd + S2− −1.17
Cl2 + 2 e− ⟶ 2 Cl− +1.35827
ClO4− + H2O + 2 e− ⟶ ClO3− + 2 OH− +0.36
ClO3− + H2O + 2 e− ⟶ ClO2− + 2 OH− +0.33
ClO2− + H2O + 2 e− ⟶ ClO− + 2 OH− +0.66
ClO− + H2O + 2 e− ⟶ Cl− + 2 OH− +0.89
ClO4− + 2 H3O+ + 2 e− ⟶ ClO3− + 3 H2O +1.189
ClO3− + 3 H3O+ + 2 e− ⟶ HClO2 + 4 H2O +1.21
HClO + H3O+ + 2 e− ⟶ Cl− + 2 H2O +1.482
HClO + H3O+ + e− ⟶ 12 Cl2 + 2 H2O +1.611
HClO2 + 2 H3O+ + 2 e− ⟶ HClO + 3 H2O +1.628
Co3+ + e− ⟶ Co2+ (2mol//H2SO4) +1.83
Co2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Co −0.28
[Co(NH3)6]3+ + e− ⟶ [Co(NH3)6]2+ +0.1
Co(OH)3 + e− ⟶ Co(OH)2 + OH− +0.17
Cr3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Cr −0.744
Cr3+ + e− ⟶ Cr2+ −0.407
Cr2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Cr −0.913
[Cu(CN)2]− + e− ⟶ Cu + 2 CN− −0.43
CrO42− + 4 H2O + 3 e− ⟶ Cr(OH)3 + 5 OH− −0.13
Cr2O72− + 14 H3O+ + 6 e− ⟶ 2 Cr3+ + 21 H2O +1.232
[Cr(OH)4]− + 3 e− ⟶ Cr + 4 OH− −1.2
Cr(OH)3 + 3 e− ⟶ Cr + 3 OH− −1.48
Cu2+ + e− ⟶ Cu+ +0.153
Cu2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Cu +0.34
Cu+ + e− ⟶ Cu +0.521
F2 + 2 e− ⟶ 2 F− +2.866
Fe2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Fe −0.447
Fe3+ + e− ⟶ Fe2+ +0.771
[Fe(CN)6]3− + e− ⟶ [Fe(CN)6]4− +0.36
Fe(OH)2 + 2 e− ⟶ Fe + 2 OH− −0.88
FeS + 2 e− ⟶ Fe + S2− −1.01
Ga3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Ga −0.549
Gd3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Gd −2.279
1/2 H2 + e− ⟶ H− −2.23
2 H2O + 2 e− ⟶ H2 + 2 OH− −0.8277
H2O2 + 2 H3O+ + 2 e− ⟶ 4 H2O +1.776
2 H3O+ + 2 e− ⟶ H2 + 2 H2O2 0.00
HO2− + H2O + 2 e− ⟶ 3 OH− +0.878
Hf4+ + 4 e− ⟶ Hf −1.55
Hg2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Hg +0.851
2 Hg2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Hg22+ +0.92
Hg22+ + 2 e− ⟶ 2 Hg +0.7973
[HgBr4]2− + 2 e− ⟶ Hg + 4 Br− +0.21
Hg2Cl2 + 2 e− ⟶ 2 Hg + 2 Cl− +0.26808
[Hg(CN)4]2− + 2 e− ⟶ Hg + 4 CN− −0.37
[HgI4]2− + 2 e− ⟶ Hg + 4 I− −0.04
HgS + 2 e− ⟶ Hg + S2− −0.70
I2 + 2 e− ⟶ 2 I− +0.5355
In3+ + 3 e− ⟶ In −0.3382
K+ + e− ⟶ K −2.931
La3+ + 3 e− ⟶ La −2.52
Li+ + e− ⟶ Li −3.04
Lu3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Lu −2.28
Mg2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Mg −2.372
Mn2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Mn −1.185
MnO2 + 2 H2O + 2 e− ⟶ Mn(OH)2 + 2 OH− −0.05
MnO4− + 2 H2O + 3 e− ⟶ MnO2 + 4 OH− +0.558
MnO2 + 4 H+ + 2 e− ⟶ Mn2+ + 2 H2O +1.23
MnO4− + 8 H+ + 5 e− ⟶ Mn2+ + 4 H2O +1.507
Na+ + e− ⟶ Na −2.71
Nd3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Nd −2.323
Ni2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Ni −0.257
[Ni(NH3)6]2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Ni + 6 NH3 −0.49
NiO2 + 4 H+ + 2 e− ⟶ Ni2+ + 2 H2O +1.593
NiO2 + 2 H2O + 2 e− ⟶ Ni(OH)2 + 2 OH− +0.49
NiS + 2 e− ⟶ Ni + S2− +0.76
NO3− + 4 H+ + 3 e− ⟶ NO + 2 H2O +0.957
NO3− + 3 H+ + 2 e− ⟶ HNO2 + H2O +0.92
NO3− + H2O + 2 e− ⟶ NO2− + 2 OH− +0.10
Np3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Np −1.856
O2 + 2 H2O + 4 e− ⟶ 4 OH− +0.401
O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⟶ H2O2 +0.695
O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e− ⟶ 2 H2O +1.229
Pb2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Pb −0.1262
PbO2 + SO42− + 4 H+ + 2 e− ⟶ PbSO4 + 2 H2O +1.69
PbS + 2 e− ⟶ Pb + S2− −0.95
PbSO4 + 2 e− ⟶ Pb + SO42− −0.3505
Pd2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Pd +0.987
[PdCl4]2− + 2 e− ⟶ Pd + 4 Cl− +0.591
Pt2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Pt +1.20
[PtBr4]2− + 2 e− ⟶ Pt + 4 Br− +0.58
[PtCl4]2− + 2 e− ⟶ Pt + 4 Cl− +0.755
[PtCl6]2− + 2 e− ⟶ [PtCl4]2− + 2 Cl− +0.68
Pu3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Pu −2.03
Ra2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Ra −2.92
Rb+ + e− ⟶ Rb −2.98
[RhCl6]3− + 3 e− ⟶ Rh + 6 Cl− +0.44
S + 2 e− ⟶ S2− −0.47627
S + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⟶ H2S +0.142
Sc3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Sc −2.09
Se + 2 H+ + 2 e− ⟶ H2Se −0.399
[SiF6]2− + 4 e− ⟶ Si + 6 F− −1.2
SiO32− + 3 H2O + 4 e− ⟶ Si + 6 OH− −1.697
SiO2 + 4 H+ + 4 e− ⟶ Si + 2 H2O −0.86
Sm3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Sm −2.304
Sn4+ + 2 e− ⟶ Sn2+ +0.151
Sn2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Sn −0.1375
[SnF6]2− + 4 e− ⟶ Sn + 6 F− −0.25
SnS + 2 e− ⟶ Sn + S2− −0.94
Sr2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Sr −2.89
TeO2 + 4 H+ + 4 e− ⟶ Te + 2 H2O +0.593
Th4+ + 4 e− ⟶ Th −1.90
Ti2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Ti −1.630
U3+ + 3 e− ⟶ U −1.79
V2+ + 2 e− ⟶ V −1.19
Y3+ + 3 e− ⟶ Y −2.37
Zn2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Zn −0.7618
[Zn(CN)4]2− + 2 e− ⟶ Zn + 4 CN− −1.26
[Zn(NH3)4]2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Zn + 4 NH3 −1.04
Zn(OH)2 + 2 e− ⟶ Zn + 2 OH− −1.245
[Zn(OH)4]2+ + 2 e− ⟶ Zn + 4 OH− −1.199
ZnS + 2 e− ⟶ Zn + S2− −1.40
Zr4+ + 4 e− ⟶ Zr −1.539

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