Makerspaces help creators to turn their digital ideas into real things. It involves using special machines controlled by computers to make physical objects from digital designs.

Digital fabrication

Digital fabrication encompasses a diverse array of technologies, each contributing to the realisation of innovative projects. 3D printing takes centre stage, allowing makers to materialise intricate three-dimensional designs layer by layer. CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines, including routers and mills, carve precision designs into various materials, offering a versatile approach to subtractive manufacturing. Laser cutting, utilising focused laser beams to precisely cut or engrave materials, adds another dimension to the repertoire of digital fabrication tools. Digital fabrication activities can be broadly classified into additive and subtractive (sometimes referred to as “extractive”) processes based on how material is manipulated to form the desired object.

• • Additive Fabrication is the process of creating objects by depositing material layer by layer, using a digital model as a blueprint (e.g. 3D printing);
  • Subtractive (Extractive) Fabrication is the process of creating objects by removing material from a solid block or sheet, using computer-controlled machinery (e.g. laser cutter) .

Prototyping

In makerspaces, Makers can transform their digital designs into physical prototypes, bridging the gap between the virtual and physical worlds. 3D printers, CNC machines, and laser cutters become the artisans’ instruments, enabling them to craft intricate structures, prototypes, and artistic creations.

A prototype is the first example of something, such as a machine or other industrial product, from which all later forms are developed. Prototyping is a four-stage process: construction, testing, feedback and revision, testing, feedback and revision. A prototype is developed to be tested in iteration cycles (Rieken et al., 2019, 106).