- Scientific hypotheses are ____ and falsifiable.
- observable
- original
- provable
- testable
- ____ are defined as observablerealities.
- behaviors
- facts
- opinions
- theories
- Scientific knowledge is .
- intuitive
- empirical
- permanent
- subjective
- A major criticism of Freud’s early theories involves the fact that his theories .
- were too limited in scope
- were too outrageous
- were too broad
- were not testable
- Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a(n): .
- archival research
- case study
- naturalistic observation
- survey
- involves observing behavior in individuals in their natural environments.
- archival research
- case study
- naturalistic observation
- survey
- The major limitation of case studies is
- the superficial nature of the information collected in this approach
- the lack of control that the researcher has in this approach
- the inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population
- the absence of inter-rater reliability
- The benefit of naturalistic observation studies is .
- the honesty of the data that is collected in a realistic setting
- how quick and easy these studies are to perform
- the researcher’s capacity to make sure that data is collected as efficiently as possible
- the ability to determine cause and effect in this particular approach
- Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as .
- naturalistic observation
- survey research
- longitudinal research
- archival research
- involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time.
- archival research
- longitudinal research
- naturalistic observation
- cross-sectional research
- A(n)is a list of questions developed by a researcher that can be administered in paper form.
- archive
- case Study
- naturalistic observation
- survey
- Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of .
- deception
- observation
- attrition
- generalization
- Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that:
- There is no relationship between height and weight.
- Usually, the taller someone is, the thinner they are.
- Usually, the shorter someone is, the heavier they are.
- As height increases, typically weight increases.
- Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?
- -.90
- -.50
- +.80
- +.25
- Which statement best illustrates a negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam and the grade on that exam?
- Watching too much television leads to poor exam performance.
- Smart students watch less television.
- Viewing television interferes with a student’s ability to prepare for the upcoming exam.
- Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams.
- The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when .
- it is closest to 0
- it is closest to -1
- it is positive
- it is negative
- means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study.
- operationalizing
- placebo effect
- random assignment
- random sampling
- Theis controlled by the experimenter, while therepresents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experimenter.
- dependent variable; independent variable
- independent variable; dependent variable
- placebo effect; experimenter bias
- experiment bias; placebo effect
- Researchers mustimportant concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined.
- randomly assign
- randomly select
- operationalize
- generalize
- Sometimes, researchers will administer a(n) _____ to participants in the control group to control for the effects that participant expectation might have on the experiment
- dependent variable
- independent variable
- statistical analysis
- placebo
- ____ is to animal research asis to human research.
- informed consent; deception
- IACUC; IRB
- IRB; IACUC
- deception; debriefing
- Researchers might use when providing participants with the full details of the experiment could skew their responses.
- informed consent
- deception
- ethics
- debriefing
- A person’s participation in a research project must be .
- confidential
- rewarded
- voluntary
- public
- Before participating in an experiment, individuals should read and sign the form.
- informed consent
- debriefing
- IRB
- ethics