CHAPTER 7 REFERENCES
Akdemir Y, Karadeniz M. The relationship between pain at IUD insertion and negative perceptions, anxiety and previous mode of delivery. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2019 Jun;24(3):240-245. https://bit.ly/41xF9J4
Akers AY, Steinway C, Sonalkar S, et al. Reducing Pain During Intrauterine Device Insertion: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adolescents and Young Women. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Oct;130(4):795-802. https://bit.ly/3XxTfZQ
ACOG Committee Opinion No. 602: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and bone effects. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 June;123(6):1398-1402. https://bit.ly/3FvOc5Y
ACOG Committee Opinion No. 668: Menstrual Manipulation for Adolescents With Physical and Developmental Disabilities. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Aug;128(2):e20-5. https://bit.ly/4kwM3qC
ACOG Committee Opinion No. 735: Adolescents and Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Implants and Intrauterine Devices. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 May;131(5):e130-e139. https://bit.ly/3DoK1IC
ACOG Health Care for Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals: ACOG Committee Opinion Summary, Number 823. Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Mar 1;137(3):554-555.. https://bit.ly/35VjHVN.
ACOG Gynecologic Management of Adolescents and Young Women With Seizure Disorders: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 806. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 May;135(5):e213-e220. https://bit.ly/4kG5duw
American Medical Association. 2023. “AMA Adopts New Policy Clarifying Role of BMI as a Measure in Medicine.” American Medical Association. June 14, 2023. https://bit.ly/3F5xkTF
Amico JR, Bennett AH, Karasz A, Gold M. Taking the provider “out of the loop:” patients’ and physicians’ perspectives about IUD self-removal. Contraception. 2018 Oct;98(4):288-291. https://bit.ly/2KPbft6.
Bahamondes MV, Espejo-Arce X, Bahamondes L. Effect of vaginal administration of misoprostol before IUD insertion following previous insertion failure. Hum Reprod. 2015 Aug;30(8):1861-6. https://bit.ly/2VSBSUd.
BakenRa A, Gero A, Sanders J, et al. Pregnancy Risk by Frequency and Timing of Unprotected Intercourse Before IUD Placement for Emergency Contraception. Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Jul 1;138(1):79-84. https://bit.ly/3LUll9b.
Bastin A, Scanff A, Fraize S, et al. Direct vs. standard method of insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device: insertion pain and outcomes at 6 months. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2019 Oct;24(5):399-406. https://bit.ly/43Txtnl.
Bayer LL, Edelman AB, Fu R, et al. An Evaluation of Oral Midazolam for Anxiety and Pain in First-Trimester Surgical Abortion: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jul;126(1):37-46. https://bit.ly/41u0Ycx.
Birgisson NE, Zhao Q, Secura GM, Madden T, Peipert JF. Preventing Unintended Pregnancy: The Contraceptive CHOICE Project in Review. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2015 May;24(5):349-53. https://bit.ly/2WcbxPX.
Bonnington A, Dianat S, Kerns J, et al. Society of Family Planning clinical recommendations: Contraceptive counseling for transgender and gender diverse people who were female sex assigned at birth. Contraception. 2020 Aug;102(2):70-82. https://bit.ly/3exiL8I.
Boudreau D, Mukerjee R. Contraception Care for Transmasculine Individuals on Testosterone Therapy. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2019 Jul;64(4):395-402. https://bit.ly/3wTGScn.
Boydell V, Smith RD; Global LARC Collaborative (GLC). Hidden in plain sight: A systematic review of coercion and Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive methods (LARC). PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023 Aug 18;3(8):e0002131.https://bit.ly/3QM9gaO.
Brandi K, Woodhams E, White KO, Mehta PK. An exploration of perceived contraceptive coercion at the time of abortion. Contraception. 2018 Apr;97(4):329-334. https://bit.ly/2X2BXFu.
Burke KL, Potter JE. Meeting Preferences for Specific Contraceptive Methods: An Overdue Indicator. Stud Fam Plann. 2023 Mar;54(1):281-300. https://bit.ly/4btrWWg.
Burlando AM, Flynn AN, Gutman S, et al. The Role of Subcutaneous DMPA in Equitable Contraceptive Care. Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Oct 1;138(4):574-577. https://bit.ly/3tWOc5t.
CDC MEC. 2024. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024. Contraception. November 19, 2024. https://bit.ly/4itQzED.
CDC Supplementary Appendix. U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, March 2024. https://bit.ly/4iz9H4m.
CDC SRP: Curtis KM, Nguyen AT, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep 2024;73(No. RR-3):1–77. http://bit.ly/3Fls1PO.
Cleland K, Zhu H, Goldstuck N, Cheng L, Trussell J. The efficacy of intrauterine devices for emergency contraception: a systematic review of 35 years of experience. Hum Reprod. 2012 Jul;27(7):1994-2000. https://bit.ly/3QMwMnY.
Danvers AA, Evans TA. Risk of Sterilization Regret and Age: An Analysis of the National Survey of Family Growth, 2015-2019. Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Mar 1;139(3):433-439. https://bit.ly/41WSwmi.
Davies A, Fleming C. Do intrauterine device/intrauterine system users check their threads? J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2014 Apr;40(2):122-5. https://bit.ly/35q9hJ1.
Daykan Y, Battino S, Arbib N, et al. Verbal analgesia is as good as oral tramadol prior to intrauterine device (IUD) insertion, among nulliparous women: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021 Mar;258:443-446. https://bit.ly/3FcL5Qt.
de Oliveira ECF, Baêta T, Brant APC, et al. Use of naproxen versus intracervical block for pain during 52-mg LNG-IUS insertion in young women. BMC Womens Health. 2021 Oct 29;21(1):377. https://bit.ly/43xvftb
De Nadai MN, Poli-Neto OB, Franceschini SA, et al. Intracervical block for levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system placement among nulligravid women: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Mar;222(3):245.e1-245.e10. https://bit.ly/3Dd9Awj.
Dehlendorf C, Henderson JT, Vittinghoff E, Steinauer J, Hessler D. Development of a patient-reported measure of the interpersonal quality of family planning care. Contraception. 2018 Jan;97(1):34-40. https://bit.ly/2ySK5i9.
Dehlendorf C, Krajewski C, Borrero S. Contraceptive counseling: best practices to ensure quality communication and enable effective contraceptive use. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Dec;57(4):659-73. https://bit.ly/3aT0Rer.
Dethier D, Qasba N, Kaneshiro B. Society of Family Planning clinical recommendation: Extended use of long-acting reversible contraception. Contraception. 2022 Sep;113:13-18. https://bit.ly/4aZuAmH.
Diedrich JT, Zhao Q, Madden T, Secura GM, Peipert JF. Three-year continuation of reversible contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Nov;213(5):662.e1-8. https://bit.ly/3aT2bxV.
Dijkhuizen K, Dekkers OM, Holleboom CA, et al. Vaginal misoprostol prior to insertion of an intrauterine device: an RCT. Hum Reprod. 2011 Feb;26(2):323-9. https://bit.ly/41ytj1h.
Edelman A, Micks E, Gallo MF, et ak Continuous or extended cycle vs. cyclic use of combined hormonal contraceptives for contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jul 29;2014(7):CD004695. https://bit.ly/2Yz9nwB.
Edelman A, Nichols MD, Leclair C, Astley S, Shy K, Jensen JT. Intrauterine lidocaine infusion for pain management in first-trimester abortions. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Jun;103(6):1267-72. https://bit.ly/41NeMAb.
Endler M, Li R, Gemzell Danielsson K. Effect of levonorgestrel emergency contraception on implantation and fertility: A review. Contraception. 2022 May;109:8-18. https://bit.ly/3PJBscC.
Erdoğan P, Yardımcı H. Analgesic effects of LI4 acupuncture during intrauterine device insertion: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2023 Oct;308(4):1361-1368. https://bit.ly/4bNc6WL.
Ernst SD, Pennesi CM. Contraceptive Counseling for Patients with Disabilities. Contemporary OB/GYN. 2020 March. https://bit.ly/4ixclY5.
Estevez E, Hem-Lee-Forsyth S, Viechweg N, John S, Menor SP. Advancing Pain Management Protocols for Intrauterine Device Insertion: Integrating Evidence-Based Strategies Into Clinical Practice. Cureus. 2024 Jun 25;16(6):e63125. https://bit.ly/3QNOpE1.
Fay KE, Clement AC, Gero A, et al. Rates of pregnancy among levonorgestrel and copper intrauterine emergency contraception initiators: Implications for backup contraception recommendations. Contraception. 2021 Nov;104(5):561-566. https://bit.ly/3GARJMP.
Festin MPR, Peregoudov A, Seuc A, et al. Effect of BMI and body weight on pregnancy rates with LNG as emergency contraception: analysis of four WHO HRP studies. Contraception. 2017 Jan;95(1):50-54. https://bit.ly/4ivy9TW.
Foster DG, Grossman D, Turok DK, et al. Interest in and experience with IUD self-removal. Contraception. 2014 Jul;90(1):54-9. https://bit.ly/2yTGzUS.
Fowler KG, Byraiah G, Burt C, et al. Nitrous Oxide Use for Intrauterine System Placement in Adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2022 Apr;35(2):159-164. https://bit.ly/4bAXSrN.
Gierisch JM, Coeytaux RR, Urrutia RP, et al. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast, cervical, colorectal, and endometrial cancers: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 Nov;22(11):1931-43. https://bit.ly/41JGDkN.
Glasier A, Cameron ST, Blithe D, et al. Can we identify women at risk of pregnancy despite using emergency contraception? Data from randomized trials of ulipristal acetate and levonorgestrel. Contraception. 2011 Oct;84(4):363-7. https://bit.ly/3fcCwDR.
Grimes DA, Gallo MF, Grigorieva V, et al. Fertility awareness-based methods for contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004 Oct 18;2004(4):CD004860. https://bit.ly/4kvMbqp.
Higgins JA, Kramer RD, Ryder KM. Provider Bias in Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) Promotion and Removal: Perceptions of Young Adult Women. Am J Public Health. 2016 Nov;106(11):1932-1937. https://bit.ly/3QMwayG.
Hubacher D, Lara-Ricalde R, Taylor DJ, Guerra-Infante F, Guzmán-Rodríguez R. Use of copper intrauterine devices and the risk of tubal infertility among nulligravid women. N Engl J Med. 2001 Aug 23;345(8):561-7. https://bit.ly/2xjN0jo.
Hyland SJ, Wetshtein AM, Grable SJ, et al. Acute Pain Management Pearls: A Focused Review for the Hospital Clinician. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Dec 22;11(1):34. https://bit.ly/4hqb9ox.
Ireland LD, Allen RH. Pain Management for Gynecologic Procedures in the Office. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2016 Feb;71(2):89-98. https://bit.ly/3DwsZYY.
Hutton B, Hemmelgarn BR, Yazdi F, et al. Comparative safety of anti-epileptic drugs during pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of congenital malformations and prenatal outcomes. BMC Med. 2017 May 5;15(1):95. https://bit.ly/43yKEJQ
Jones, Kiera B. 2023. “Advancing Contraception Access in States Through One-Year Dispensing and Extended Supply Policies.” Center for American Progress (blog). January 9, 2023. https://bit.ly/3XAgFhd.
Karabayirli S, Ayrim AA, Muslu B. Comparison of the analgesic effects of oral tramadol and naproxen sodium on pain relief during IUD insertion. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2012 Sep-Oct;19(5):581-4. https://bit.ly/3Fdy4WP.
Kardos L, Magyar G, Schváb E, Luczai E. Levonorgestrel emergency contraception and bodyweight. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019 Jul;35(7):1149-1155. https://bit.ly/41IXrZc.
Kavanaugh, Megan. 2024. “Is Birth Control Under Attack? | Guttmacher Institute.” September 9, 2024. https://bit.ly/3XulKHK.
Kennedy CE, Yeh PT, Gaffield ML, Brady M, Narasimhan M. Self-administration of injectable contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2019 Apr 2;4(2):e001350. https://bit.ly/429JIe7.
Kirkpatrick L, Harrison E, Borrero S, et al. Preferences and experiences of women with epilepsy regarding sexual and reproductive healthcare provision. Epilepsy Behav. 2022 Apr;129:108631. https://bit.ly/3FibjkN
Kohn JE, Simons HR, Della Badia L, et al. Increased 1-year continuation of DMPA among women randomized to self-administration: results from a randomized controlled trial at Planned Parenthood. Contraception. 2018 Mar;97(3):198-204. https://bit.ly/4bvHJEd.
Krempasky C, Harris M, Abern L, Grimstad F. Contraception across the transmasculine spectrum. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Feb;222(2):134-143. https://bit.ly/2VOcA9E.
Levine JP, Sinofsky FE, Christ MF; Implanon US Study Group. Assessment of Implanon insertion and removal. Contraception. 2008 Nov;78(5):409-17. https://bit.ly/4bTu4qu.
Lopez LM, Bernholc A, Chen M, et al. Hormonal contraceptives for contraception in overweight or obese women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Aug 18;2016(8):CD008452. https://bit.ly/2XXarbA.
Lopez LM, Bernholc A, Zeng Y, et al.. Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD007373. https://bit.ly/3GXtb52
Matulich M, Cansino C, Culwell KR, Creinin MD. Understanding women’s desires for contraceptive counseling at the time of first-trimester surgical abortion. Contraception. 2014 Jan;89(1):36-41. https://bit.ly/3ey1dt7.
Mody SK, Farala JP, Jimenez B, Nishikawa M, Ngo LL. Paracervical Block for Intrauterine Device Placement Among Nulliparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Sep;132(3):575-582.https://bit.ly/4kzxaUA.
Ortiz ME, Croxatto HB. Copper-T intrauterine device and levonorgestrel intrauterine system: biological bases of their mechanism of action. Contraception. 2007 Jun;75(6 Suppl):S16-30. https://bit.ly/3x0yYhq.
Pergialiotis V, Vlachos DG, Protopappas A, et al. Analgesic options for placement of an intrauterine contraceptive: a meta-analysis. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2014 Jun;19(3):149-60. https://bit.ly/3DMchVF.
Petrie KA, McCoy EE, Benson LS. IUD self-removal: A randomized controlled trial of a self-removal guide in clinical and nonclinical settings. Contraception. 2024 Jul;135:110421. https://bit.ly/41M8aSI.
Piasecki A, Ögren C, Thörn SE, et al. High-frequency, high-intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation compared with opioids for pain relief after gynecological surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Pain. 2023 Oct 12;24(1). bit.ly/4j8HeSy
Raifman S, Barar R, Foster D. Effect of Knowledge of Self-removability of Intrauterine Contraceptives on Uptake, Continuation, and Satisfaction. Womens Health Issues. 2018 Jan-Feb;28(1):68-74. https://bit.ly/2YhkSZv.
Raymond EG, Weaver MA, Louie KS, et al. Effects of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Injection Timing on Medical Abortion Efficacy and Repeat Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Oct;128(4):739-45. http://bit.ly/308dW1P
Reeves JA, Zapata LB, Curtis KM, Whiteman MK. Intrauterine Device Training, Attitudes, and Practices Among U.S. Health Care Providers: Findings from a Nationwide Survey. Womens Health Issues. 2023 Jan-Feb;33(1):45-53. https://bit.ly/3XYf2dl.
Romer SE, Blum J, Borrero S, et al. Providing Quality Family Planning Services in the United States: Recommendations of the U.S. Office of Population Affairs (Revised 2024). Am J Prev Med. 2024 Dec;67(6S):S41-S86. https://bit.ly/3Djke4A.
Sääv I, Stephansson O, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Early versus delayed insertion of intrauterine contraception after medical abortion – a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48948. https://bit.ly/3DODw1T.
Salcedo J, Cleland K, Bartz D, Thompson I. Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendation: Emergency contraception. Contraception. 2023 May;121:109958. https://bit.ly/4jW2Wdc
Sastre J, Mínguez JÁ, Alcázar JL, Chiva L. Microsurgical anastomosis of the fallopian tubes after tubal ligation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2023 Dec;291:168-177. https://bit.ly/4kMs7jM.
Senderowicz L. Contraceptive Autonomy: Conceptions and Measurement of a Novel Family Planning Indicator. Stud Fam Plann. 2020 Jun;51(2):161-176. https://bit.ly/3wSSSMD.
Shahnazi M, Nikjoo R, Yavarikia P, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S. Inhaled lavender effect on anxiety and pain caused from intrauterine device insertion. J Caring Sci. 2012 Nov 28;1(4):255-61. https://bit.ly/41wWeD1.
Sharlip ID, Belker AM, Honig S et al: Vasectomy: AUA guideline. J Urol 2012; 188: 2482. https://bit.ly/4kn0wWa.
Shen J, Che Y, Showell E, Chen K, Cheng L. Interventions for emergency contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Aug 2;8(8):CD001324. https://bit.ly/3ddSg7w.
Simmons RG, Baayd J, Waters M, et al. Assessing contraceptive use as a continuum: outcomes of a qualitative assessment of the contraceptive journey. Reprod Health. 2023 Feb 15;20(1):33. https://bit.ly/3XAr8Jx.
Simmons RG, Jennings V. Fertility awareness-based methods of family planning. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2020 Jul;66:68-82. https://bit.ly/3DvJqon.
Singh RH, Montoya M, Espey E, Leeman L. Nitrous oxide versus oral sedation for pain management of first-trimester surgical abortion – a randomized study. Contraception. 2017 Aug;96(2):118-123. https://bit.ly/41LDX6e.
Singh RH, Thaxton L, Carr S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of nitrous oxide for intrauterine device insertion in nulliparous women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016 Nov;135(2):145-148. https://bit.ly/41p8rJO.
Stewart FH, Kaunitz AM, Laguardia KD, et al. Extended use of transdermal norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jun;105(6):1389-96. https://bit.ly/4iz3J3D.
Swan LET, Cannon LM. Healthcare Provider-Based Contraceptive Coercion: Understanding U.S. Patient Experiences and Describing Implications for Measurement. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Jun 8;21(6):750. https://bit.ly/4ipLrC6.
Tang OS, Xu J, Cheng L, et al. The effect of contraceptive pills on the measured blood loss in medical termination of pregnancy by mifepristone and misoprostol: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Hum Reprod. 2002 Jan;17(1):99-102. https://bit.ly/4iets1k.
Tavakolian S, Doulabi MA, Baghban AA, et al. Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream as Analgesia for IUD Insertion: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Triple Blinded Study. Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Jan 27;7(4):399-404. https://bit.ly/3F8NNWW.
Ti AJ, Roe AH, Whitehouse KC, et al. Effectiveness and safety of extending intrauterine device duration: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Jul;223(1):24-35.e3. https://bit.ly/4kucPQA.
Tschann M, Salcedo J, Kaneshiro B. Nonpharmaceutical Pain Control Adjuncts During First-Trimester Aspiration Abortion: A Review. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2016 May;61(3):331-8. https://bit.ly/43tQ8Wx.
Turok DK, Gero A, Simmons RG, et al. Levonorgestrel vs. Copper Intrauterine Devices for Emergency Contraception. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jan 28;384(4):335-344. https://bit.ly/3MMAvyR.
Wendel MP, Whittington JR, Pagan ME, et al. Preconception, Antepartum, and Peripartum Care for the Woman With a Spinal Cord Injury. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2021 Mar;76(3):159-165. https://bit.ly/3SFEeSU
Winikoff B, Bousiéguez M, Salmerón J, et al. A Proof-of-Concept Study of Ulipristal Acetate for Early Medication Abortion. NEJM Evid. 2025 Feb;4(2):EVIDoa2400209. https://bit.ly/3FaEQfS.
WHO. 2025. “WHO: Contraception.” March 7, 2025. https://bit.ly/3F6wzd3.
Wilcox AJ, Weinberg CR, Armstrong EG, Canfield RE. Urinary human chorionic gonadotropin among intrauterine device users: detection with a highly specific and sensitive assay. Fertil Steril 1987; 47:265. https://bit.ly/4iHXHxX
Wu S, Godfrey EM, Wojdyla D, et al. Copper T380A intrauterine device for emergency contraception: a prospective, multicentre, cohort clinical trial. BJOG. 2010 Sep;117(10):1205-10. https://bit.ly/2SpqBbP.