This open resource text (OER) was adapted from the 2016 text Understanding Media and Culture: An Introduction to Mass Communication which was produced by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing through the eLearning Support Initiative. The name author of the orginal text has been removed be request from the publisher.

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Electronic Media History & Theory Copyright © 2016 by [Author removed at request of original publisher] is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.