Abantes: Ionian tribe from Euboea, a large island off the north-eastern coast of modern-day Greece, 2.536
Abarbarea: Naiad nymph of the meadows of the river Aesepus, the wife of Bucolion, son of Trojan king Laomedon, and mother to Aesepus and Pedasus, both killed by Euryalus in the Trojan War, 6.22
Abii: An uncertain ancient nomadic tribe that might have inhabited the steppes north of the Black Sea, 13.6
Ablerus: Trojan soldier killed by Nestor’s son Antilochus, 6.33
Abydus: Ancient Mysian city on the south coast of the Hellespont, across from Sestus, 2.836
Acamas (2): Dardanian, son of Antenor and Theano, and aide to Aeneas during Trojan War, 2.823; Son of Eussorus and, with Peiros, led the Thracians in the Trojan War; he was killed by Ajax, 2.844
Acessamenus: King of Pieria, father of Periboea, who had a son, Pelagon, by the river Axius, 21.143
Achaeans: Primary name used by Homer for the Greek forces, 1.2
Achilles: Son of Peleus, leader of Myrmidons, greatest of the Achaean warriors, 1.1
Achelous: Largest river in Greece, son of Oceanus and Tethys, 21.194
Actor: Son of Azeus, ruler of Minyans of Orchomenus; purported father of the Molionides (the twins Eurytus and Cteatus, whose father was Poseidon); his grandsons, Ascalaphus and Thalpius, led the Minyan tribe in the Trojan War, 2.515
Acrisius: King of Argos, husband of Eurydice, father of Danaë, and grandfather of Perseus, 4.319
Adametus: King of Pherae in Thessaly and son of Eumelus, leader of the Pherae contingent in the Trojan War, 2.714
Adrasteia: Area in the Troyad near the Granicus River, 2.828
Adrastus: Son of Merops, king of Percote; with his brother, Amphius, led the Adrasteian forces in the Trojan War; was slain by Diomedes, 2.830
Aeacus: King of the island of Aegina, father of Peleus and Telamon, and grandfather of Achilles and Ajax; after his death, he became one of three in Hades who judged the newly-arrived shades, 9.184
Aegae (2): Ancient city of Achaea, Peloponnese, 8.203; legendary town along the eastern coast of Euboea, near modern Kymi, which Homer says is the location of Poseidon’s palace, 13.21
Aegaeon: Also known as Briareus, a mythological monster with fifty heads and 100 arms; it helped Zeus and the other Olympian gods overthrow the Titans, 1.404
Aegeus: Early king of Athens, father of Theseus; Aegean Sea is named after him, 1.265
Aegialus (2): Region in the northernmost part of the Peloponnese, 2.575; town in ancient Paphlagonia, Anatolia, 2.855
Aegilips: Island in the Ionian Sea near Ithaca, 2.634
Aegialeia: Wife of Diomedes, king of Argos, and daughter of Adrastus and Amphithea, 5.412
Aegina: Island near Athens, named after Aegina, mother of Aeacus, 2.562
Aegium: A city-state of Achaea in northern Peloponnese, 2.575
Aeneas: Son of Anchises and the goddess Aphrodite, cousin to Hector, and leader of the Dardanian forces, 2.819
Aereia: Town in ancient Messenia, Peloponnese, 9.152
Aepy: City in ancient Elis, Peloponnese, 2.592
Aerytus: Mythical king of Arcadia, son of Elatus, 2.604
Aesepus (2): Divine personification of the river Aesepus (known today as the river Gönen in Turkey), 2.826; son of the water nymph Abarbarea and the human Bucolion, 6.21
Aesyetes: Trojan hero and father of Alcathous, 2.793
Aesyme: A town purportedly in ancient Thrace, home of Castianeira, who bore Gorgythion, son of Priam, 8.304
Aethices: Tribe of robbers who lived in Thessaly and who gave the centaurs sanctuary after they were run out of the area around Mt. Pelion, 2.745
Aethra: Achaean daughter of king Pittheus of Troezen and mother of Clymene and Theseus, who long before the Trojan War kidnapped Helen and left her in Aethra’s charge until Helen’s brothers took Helen back; in revenge for the kidnapping, Aethra was taken and made to serve Helen until after the Trojan War when she was freed by her grandson Demophon, 3.144
Aetolia: Mountainous region of western Greece located north of the Gulf of Corinth, 2.638
Agamemnon: King of Mycenae, son of Atreus, husband of Clytemnestra, brother of Menelaus, and leader of the Achaean forces in the Trojan War, 1.7
Agapenor: Leader of the Arcadians, son of Ancaeus, and grandfather of Lycurgus, 2.609
Agasthenes: King of Elis, son of Augeias, and father of Polyxeinus, 2.624
Agathon: Trojan prince, one of the last remaining sons of King Priam at the end of the Iliad, 24.250
Agenor: Son of Antenor and Theano and Trojan hero, saved from death by Apollo during Achilles’ rampage after Patroclus’ death, 4.467
Agrius: Son of King Portheus of Calydon and Euryte, brother of Oeneus, and father of six sons, including Thersites and Prothous, who overthrew his brother Oeneus to become king only to later be overthrown himself, 14.116
Aïdoneus: see Hades
Ainos: Ancient Thracian city located north of the Hellespont that is now called Enez, 4.520
Ajax (Telamonian): Son of king Telamon, grandson of Aeacus, and cousin of Achilles; was considered the second strongest Achaean (after Achilles); and leader of the force from Salamis (who were stationed with their Athenian neighbors), 1.138
Ajax (Little): Son of Oileus, leader of the Locrians, who angered the gods during the sack of Troy and was punished when Athena hit his ship with a thunderbolt, 2.528
Althaea: Queen of Calydon, wife of Oeneus, and mother of Meleager, 9.555
Alcomenae (Boeotia): Town in Boeotia (northwest of Athens) that was supposed to be the birthplace of the goddess Athena, 4.8
Alcestis: Daughter of Pelias, king of Iolcus, wife of Admetus, mother of Eumelus, known for her beauty who was rescued from the underworld by Heracles; her story is told in Euripides’ play Alcestis, 2.715
Alcmene: Wife of Amphitryon, lover of Zeus, and mother of Heracles, 14.323
Aleion plain: Large plain in southern Anatolia (modern day Turkey) now called Çukurova, 6.201
Alegenor: Boeotian son of Itonus, brother to Hippalcimus, Electryon, and Archilycus, and father of Clonius and Promachus, 14.503
Alexander (Paris): Trojan son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba whose abduction of Helen of Sparta instigated the Trojan War, 3.16
Alesium: Town in ancient Elis, Peloponnese, situated on the road between Olympia and Elis, 2.617
Aloeus: Son of Poseidon and Canace, husband of Iphimedeia and Eriboea, and father of Salmoneus, Otos, and Ephialtes, who fought the gods and captured Ares, 5.385
Alope: Town in ancient Thessaly, 2.682
Alpheius: River god of the Alpheius river (the modern river Alfeios), the longest river in the Peloponnese, 2.592
Altes: King of the Leleges, father to Laothoe, one of Priam’s daughters, 22.51
Althaea: Queen of Calydon, daughter of King Thestius and Eurythemis, wife of Oeneus, and mother of Meleager, Toxeus, Thyreus, and many others, 9.555
Alus (Halos): Town in ancient Thessaly, 2.682
Amarynceus: Chief of the Eleans, father of Diores; the games that took place during his funeral are recounted by Nestor, 2.622
Amazons: Legendary tribe of warrior women who were believed to inhabit a region in northern Anatolia, along the Black Sea; they were allies of the Trojans during the Trojan War, 3.189
Amphimachus: Son of Cteatus, grandson of Poseidon, and one of the leaders of the Elean forces in Troy, 2.620; son of Nomion and leader (with his brother Nastes) of the Carian forces, allied to Troy, 2.870
Amphius: Son of Merops of Percote who, along with his brother Adrastus, led the Adrasteian forces against his father’s advice, was killed by Diomedes, 2.830
Amyclae: City in ancient Laconia, Peloponnese, south of Sparta, which was the home of Castor and Pollux, 2.584
Amydon: Town in ancient Macedonia inhabited by the Paeonians, who were allies of the Trojans, 2.849
Amyntor: King of Eleon or Hellas, son of Ormenus, and father of Phoenix and Crantor, 9.448
Ancaeus: Son of King Lycurgus of Arcadia, father of King Agapenor, an Argonaut and participant in the Caledonian Boar hunt, where he was killed, 2.609
Anchises: Son of Capys, lover of Aphrodite, who bore him a son, Aeneas, 2.820
Andromache: Wife of Hector, mother of Astyanax, and daughter of Eëtion, 6.371
Anemoi (the winds): The collective name for the wind gods, including Boreas (North Wind), Zephyrus (West Wind), Notus (South Wind), and Eurus (East Wind), 2.145
Anemoreia: Town in ancient Phocis, near the border between Phocis and Delphi, 2.521
Anteia: Wife of Proteus and daughter of Iobates, king of Lycia, 6.160
Antenor: Dardanian noble, husband of Theano, father to many including Archelochus, Acamas, Glaucus, Helicaon, Iphidamas, and Crino, and counselor to King Priam, 2.822
Antheia: Town in ancient Messenia, Peloponnese, 9.151
Anthedon: City in ancient Boeotia, on the coast of the Gulf of Euboea, west of Chalcis, at the foot of Mt. Messapius, 2.508
Antilochus: Son of King Nestor of Pylos, known for his looks, his speed, and his horsemanship, and was tasked with delivering the news of Patroclus’ death to Achilles, and later died trying to protect his father from the Ethiopian King Memnon, 4.457
Antiphonus: Trojan prince, son of King Priam, was killed (in later accounts) by Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, during the siege of Troy, 24.250
Antiphus: Son of Thessalus, grandson of Heracles, and co-leader (with his brother Phiedippus) of the forces from Nisyrus, Carpathus, Casus, and Cos, 2.678
Antron: City-state in ancient Thessaly, located at the entrance to the Maliac Gulf, across from Oreus, Euboia, 2.697
Apaesus: Town on coast of ancient Troad, at the entrance of the Propontis (Sea of Marmara), 2.828
Aphrodite: Goddess of love, beauty, passion, and procreation, daughter of Zeus and Dione, wife of Ares, sister of Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Hermes, Hephaestus, and many others, and supporter of Troy during the Trojan War, 2.820
Apollo: God of archery, music, dance, sun, light, healing, prophecy, and more, son of Zeus and Leto, and supporter of Troy during the Trojan War, 1.9
Araethyrea: City in ancient Argolis, Peloponnese, named after its legendary founder, Aras, 2.571
Arcadia: Region in the central Peloponnese, named after the hunter Arcas and the home to the god Pan, 2.603
Arcesilaus: One of the leaders of the Boeotians who was killed by Hector, 2.495
Archelochus: Dardanian, son of Antenor and Theano, and aide to Aeneas during Trojan War, 2.822
Areilycus: Boeotian son of Itonus, and father of Prothenor and Archesilaus, 14.451
Ares: God of war, son of Zeus and Hera and husband of Aphrodite, 2.479
Aretus: Son of Priam who was known for his protection of horses, killed by Automedon, 17.494
Argissa: Town in ancient Pelasgiotis, Thessaly, on the Peneius River near Larissa, 2.738
Argos: City in Argolis, a region in the Peloponnese and the birthplace of Diomedes, 1.30
Ariadne: Cretan princess who helped Theseus kill the Minotaur and escape the Labyrinth in Cnossos, became immortal after Dionysus rescued her from Hades, 18.592
Arimoi: Region where the monster Typhoneus dwelt, though the actual location is never stated in ancient works, 2.783
Arion: Divine horse, driven by Adrastus, king of Argos, 23.346
Arisbe: Town in Mysia in northwest Anatolia, 2.837
Arne: Town in ancient Boeotia, 2.507
Artemis: Goddess of the hunt, the wilderness, wild animals, the moon, and chastity, daughter of Zeus and Leto, and twin sister of Apollo, 5.51
Ascalaphus: King of Orchomenus, son of Ares and Astyoche, twin brother of Ialmenus, and member of the Argonauts, 2.512
Asclepius: Greek hero and god of medicine, son of Apollo and Coronis, father of Hygeia, Iaso, Aceso, Aegle, Panacea, Podaleirius, and Machon; his symbol—a rod with a snake wrapped around it—is still used as a symbol of medicine today, 2.731
Asine: Ancient city on the coast of Argolis, Peloponnese, and located near the modern city of Tolon, 2.560
Asius: Son of Hyrtacus and Arisbe, leader of the forces the Hellespont region, who fought on the Trojan side of the war, 2.837
Asopus: A river in Boeotia that formed the border between Thebes and Plataea, 4.383
Aspledon: City in ancient Boeotia, near the modern city of Pirgos, 2.511
Assaracus: Son of Tros, brother of Ilus, Ganymede, and Laomedon, 20.232
Asterium: City in ancient Thessaly, 2.735
Asteropaeus: Leader of the Paeonians, son of Pelagon, and grandson of river god Axios, 12.103
Astyanax: Son of Hector and Andromache of Troy, killed during the siege of Troy; his name means “high king” or “overlord of the city,” in reference to his father, the defender of the city and heir to the throne of Troy, 6.403
Atë: see Mischief
Athena: Goddess of wisdom, handicrafts, and warfare, daughter of Zeus, and supporter of the Achaeans in the Trojan War, 1.195
Athens: Major city-state in ancient Greece and capital of modern Greece, 2.549
Athos: Mountain and peninsula in northeastern Greece, 14.229
Atreus: King of Mycenae and father of Agamemnon and Menelaus, 1.11
Augeiae (2): Town in ancient Locria, in central Greece near Scarpheia, 2.532; town in ancient Laconia, Peloponnese 2.583
Augeias: King of Elis, father of Agasthenes, and grandfather of Polyxeinus, 2.624
Aulis: Greek city on the coast of Boeotia in central Greece that was the staging ground for the Achaean journey to Troy, 2.304
Autolycus: Famed Ancient Greek robber, possibly the son of Hermes, who resided in the area around Mt. Parnassus in central Greece, 10.266
Automedon: Son of Diores and charioteer for Achilles, 9.209
Axius: river in Macedonia, now called the Vardar, 2.849

Balius: see Xanthus and Balius
Batieia: Daugher of King Teucer, founder of Troy, and wife of King Dardanus, father of Priam, 2.813
Bellerophon: Grandfather of Glaucus and Sarpedon, was known in his generation (long before the Trojan War) as a great hero who tamed Pegasus and slew the Chimera, 6.155
Bessa: Town in ancient Locria, 2.532
Boagrius: Largest river in Locria, flowing from Mt. Cnemis to the sea between Scarphe and Thronium, 2.533
Boebe: Town in ancient Magnesia, Thessaly on the eastern shore of Lake Boebeïs, near the modern town of Kanalia, 2.712
Boebeïs: Lake in ancient Magnesia, Thessaly, named after the town Boebe on its eastern shore, 2.712
Boeotia: Region in central Greece, north and west of Athens; the region included Thebes and Argos, 2.494
Boreas: see North Wind
Briareus: See Aegaeon
Briseïs: Daughter of Briseus of Pedasus, wife of Mynes, prince of Lyrnessus, and concubine of Achilles until taken from him by Agamemnon at the start of the Iliad, 1.185
Bryseae: Town in ancient Laconia, Peloponnese, at the foot of Mt. Taygetus, 2.583
Bucolion: Eldest (but illegitimate) son of Trojan King Laomedon and the nymph Calybe whose wife was the nymph Abarbarea and whose twin sons were Aespus and Pedasus, 6.22
Buprasium: Town in ancient Elis, Peloponnese, 2.615

Cadmus: Legendary founder and first king of ancient Thebes. The people of Thebes were called Cadmeians in his honor, 4.388
Caeneus: Lapith hero of Thessaly and father of Coronus; Ovid notes that Caeneus was originally born a woman but was transformed into a man by Poseidon, 1.264
Calchas: Principal seer for the Achaeans during the Trojan War, 1.69
Calchis: Capital and largest city on the island of Euboia, 2.537
Calliarus: Town in eastern Locria, in central Greece, 2.531
Calydnian Islands: Island in the Dodecanese, near Kos, 2.677
Calydon: City in ancient Aetolia on the banks of the Evenus River, 2.639
Cameirus: City on the northwest coast of Rhodes, 2.656
Capaneus: Father of Sthenelus and member of the Seven Against Thebes who was known for his arrogance against the gods, which led Zeus to kill him with a thunderbolt, 2.564
Capys: King of Dardania, son of Assaracus, father of Anchises, and grandfather of Aeneas, 20.239
Cardamlye: Town in ancient Messenia, Peloponnese, 9.150
Caresus: River in ancient Troyad that flows into the Aesepus River, 12.20
Carians: People of the Caria region in southwest Anatolia, 2.867
Carystus: City-state in ancient Euboia, at the foot of Mt. Oche, 2.539
Cassandra: Trojan princess, daughter of Priam and Hecuba, priestess at the temple of Apollo, was cursed by Apollo to see the future but never to be believed, 13.365
Castor & Polydeuces (Pollux): Helen’s twin brothers who shared the same mother but had different fathers (Castor was the mortal son of King Tyndareus of Sparta and Polydeuces the divine son of Zeus); they appear in many myths, including the story of Jason and the Argonauts, and they now are the personification of the constellation Gemini, 3.236-7
Casus: Island in the Dodecanese between Crete and Carpathus in the southern Aegean Sea, 2.676
Caucones: Tribe from northern Anatolia (and possibly the Caucasus mountain), 10.429
Cayster: River in the western part of Anatolia, south of Troy, 2.461
Cebriones: Illegitimate son of Priam, a slave, and Hector’s charioteer, 8.318
Celadon: Mythological river in Arcadia, Peloponnese, 7.134
Centaurs: Creatures with the upper bodies of human beings and the lower body and legs of horses who inhabited a region of Thessaly near Mt. Pelion, the Foloi oak forest in Elis, and the Malean peninsula in Laconia, 2.744
Cephallenians: People of the Ionian islands off the coast of western Greece, 2.631
Cephisus: River in central Greece, flowing through Boeotia and Phocis and draining into Lake Copias, 2.522
Cerinthus: Town on northeastern coast of Euboia, on the site of the modern village of Kria Vrisi, 2.537
Chalcis: Town on the coast of ancient Aetolia near the mouth of the Evenus River, 2.639
Charis: One of the Charities (Graces), goddess of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity, and fertility, and wife of Hephaestus, 18.382
Charities: see Graces
Chimera: Monstrous hybrid creature (lion, serpent, goat) who inhabited Lycia and was killed by Bellerophon with the aid of Pegasus, 6.179
Chiron: Centaur who was skilled in medicine, warfare, and music; he trained numerous famed warriors, including Priam and his son Achilles; he is traditionally depicted with two human torso and legs on the front of his body, making him far more civilized than the other, wilder centaurs, 4.219
Chromis: Son of Arsinoos, leader (with Ennomus) of the Mysian forces, 2.858
Chryses: The Trojan priest of Apollo whose request for the return of his daughter initiates the events in the Iliad, 1.12
Chryseis: Daughter of Chryses who was captured as a war prize and given to Agamemnon, 1.13
Chrysothemis: Daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, who supported her mother after she killed her father; she is a character in Sophocles’ Elektra, 9.145
Ciconians: A Thracian tribe who fought on the side of the Trojans, 2.847
Cilicians: Cilician Thebes, or Thebe Hypoplakia, was a city in ancient Anatolia at the foot of Mt. Placus; it was ruled by Eëtion, father of Andromache, 6.397
Cilla: A city in the Aeolian region of northwest Anatolia, 1.38
Cinyras: Ancient king of Cyprus, 11.20
Cleonae: Ancient Greek city-state located in the Peloponnese on the road between Corinth and Artos, 2.570
Cleopatra: Daughter of Idas and Marpessa and wife of Meleager, 9.556
Clymene: Daughter of Aethra and half-sister of Theseus who was forced, with her mother, to serve Helen until after the Trojan War, 3.145
Clytemnestra: Queen of Mycenae, wife of Agamemnon and sister of Helen, 1.112
Cnossos: Capital of ancient Minoan civilization, located on the island of Crete, 2.646
Coön: Dardanian, eldest son of Antenor and brother of Iphidamas, 11.248
Copae: City in ancient Boeotia on the northern shore of Lake Copais, 2.501
Copreus: Herald for King Eurystheus of Tiryns, son of Pelops and Hippodameia, and known best as the herald who announced Heracles’ twelve labors, 15.640
Corinth: City-state in ancient Greece on the Isthmus of Corinth, which separates mainland Greece from the Peloponnese, 2.570
Coroneia: City in ancient Boeotia and member of the Boeotian League, 2.502
Coronus: King of the Lapiths, son of Caeneus, father of Leonetus and Lysidice, and an Argonaut, 2.746
Cos: Island in the Dodecanese just off the coast of mainland Anatolia in the southern Aegean Sea, 2.677
Cranae: Island off the coast of ancient Gytheio in southern Peloponnese, 3.445
Carpathus: Island in the Dodecanese, east of Crete in the southern Aegean Sea, 2.676
Creon: Regent of Thebes, brother of Jocasta (wife/mother of Oedipus), husband of Eurydice, father of Lycomedes, Henioche, Pyrrha, Megareus, and Haimon, 9.84
Crete: Largest of the Greek island, located in the Mediterranean Sea southeast of mainland Greece, 2.645
Crisa: Ancient city in Phocis, near Delphi, 2.520
Crocyleia: Island on the Ionian Sea near Ithaca, 2.633
Cromna: Town in ancient Paphlagonia, Anatolia, 2.855
Cronos: Leader of the Titans and father of Zeus and the other Olympian gods, 1.398
Cteatus: Son of Poseidon but raised by Actor, twin brother of Eurytus, and father of Amphimachus, 2.621
Curetes: Legendary tribe of uncertain origin who participated in the hunt for the Calydonian Boar, 9.529
Cyllene: Mountain in Arcadia, Peloponnese, that is known as the birthplace of the god Hermes, 2.603
Cynus: Principal port of the Locrians at the northernmost part of the Opuntian Gulf, 2.531
Cyparissus: City in ancient Phocis near Delphi, 2.519
Cyphus: Town in Perrhaebia, Thessaly, near Mt. Olympus, 2.748
Cyprus: Island in the eastern Mediterranean, south of Anatolia and west of modern-day Syria and Lebanon, 11.21
Cythera: Island in the Mediterranean off the southern tip of the Peloponnese, northwest of Crete, 10.268
Cytorus: City on the Black Sea, in Paphlagonia, Anatolia, 2.853

Daedalus: Famed architect and inventor of the Labyrinth on Crete, 18.591
Danaë: Daugther of King Acrisus of Argos and Eurydice, consort of Zeus, and mother of Perseus, 14.319
Dardanelles: see Hellespont
Dardanians: People closely related to the Trojans and Troy’s closest ally who inhabited the region around the city of Dardanus, 2.819
Dardanus: Son of Zeus and Electra, founder of Dardanus, father of Erichthonius, 7.366
Dares: Trojan priest of Hephaestus, father of Phegeus and Idaeus, was supposed to have written an eyewitness account of the fall of Troy (from the Trojan point of view); the original was said to have been lost, but a Latin translation was widely available in the west, and from the end of the Roman empire to the Renaissance, it was the main source for the Trojan War since Homer at that time was not widely availble, 5.9
Daulis: City in ancient Phocis, near the frontiers of Boeotia, 2.520
Daughter of Phoenix: see Europa
Dawn: Greek personification of the dawn, daughter of Hyperion and Theia, 1.477
Death (Thanatos): Personification of death, son of Nyx and Erebus and brother of Sleep (Hypnos), 14.231
Deimos: see Terror
Deïphobus: Son of Priam and Hecuba, brother of Hector and Paris, and considered the greatest of Priam’s sons after Hector, 12.94
Demeter: Goddess of the harvest, agriculture, and fertility, daughter of Cronos and Rhea, mother of Aphrodite and Dionysus, 2.696
Demoleon: Son of Antenor and Theano, brother of Archelochus, Acamas, Glaucus, Helicaon (among others), Trojan warrior killed by Achilles, 20.396
Deucalion: King of Crete, son of Minos, member of the Argonauts, and father of Idomeneus, 12.117
Diomedes: King of Argos, son of Tydeus and Deipyle, leader of the forces from Argos, and one of the principal leaders for the Argives in the Trojan War, 2.563
Dion: Town in the northwest of ancient Euboia, 2.538
Dione: Titan mother of Aphrodite, possibly a female version of Zeus, but this is uncertain since Homer is the only place in ancient writings where she appears, 5.370
Dionysus: Son of Zeus and mortal Semele, the god of wine, fertility, ritual madness, and theater, 6.132
Dodona: City in ancient Perrhaebia, Thessaly, near Mt. Olympus, 2.750
Dolon: Trojan son of Eumedes, killed in a night raid by Odysseus and Diomedes, 10.314
Dolopia: Mountainous region in in Greece, north of Aetolia, 9.484
Doom (Keres): Female death spirit who personifies violent death, 18.535
Doris: a Nereid, or sea nymph, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys and wife of Nereus, 18.45
Dorium: City in ancient Messenia, Peloponnese, 2.594
Dream (Oneiros): The Greek personification of dreams; according to Hesiod, Dream was the child of Night (Nix), 2.7
Dulichium: Either a city on the coast of the Ionian Sea, west of Acarnania, or one of the Echinae islands in the Ionian Sea; its actual location is still disputed, 2.625
Dynamene: a Nereid, or sea nymph, who was the daughter of Nereus and Doris; she and her sister Pherusa were associated with great ocean swells, 18.44

Earth: see Gaia
East Wind (Eurus): Greek god of the east wind who is often associated with violent storms, 2.145
Echinae: Islands off the coast of Acarnania west of Aetolia, 2.626
Eëtion: King of Anatolian Thebes and father of Andromache, Hector’s wife, 1.366
Eileithyiae: Greek goddess of childbirth, daughter of Zeus and Hera, 11.270
Eilesium: City in ancient Boeotia, 2.499
Eionae: Town in ancient Argolis, Peloponnese, on the Argolic peninsula, 2.561
Electra: Daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, sister of Orestes, Iphigeneia, and Chrysothemis, and well-known as the central figure in many plays from Ancient Greece, 9.145
Eleon: City in ancient Boeotia, 2.500
Elephenor: King of the Abantes on the island of Euboia, son of Chalcodon, a suitor of Helen, and leader of the Euboian force during the Trojan War, 2.540
Elis: Region on the western coast of the Peloponnese, 2.616
Elone: Town in ancient Perrhaebia, Thessaly, 2.739
Emathia: Region in northern Greece near Pieria, between the rivers Aliakmon and Loudias, 14.226
Eneti: Inhabitants of the Paphlagonian region of north-central Anatolia, 2.852
Enienes: People from the Ainis region of central Greece, in the upper Spercheios valley, east of Dolopia, 2.749
Enispe: City in ancient Arcadia, Peloponnese 2.607
Ennomus: Son of Arsinoos, leader (with Chromis) of the Mysian forces, 2.859
Enope: Town in ancient Messenia, Peloponnese, 9.150
Enyalius: see Ares
Enyeus: King of Scyros and said to be the son of Dionysus and Ariadne, 9.668
Enyo: Greek goddess of war, destruction, conquest, and bloodlust, who often accompanies Ares in battle, 5.333
Eos: see Dawn
Epeius of Phocis: Achaean warrior from the Cyclades islands, won the boxing match against Euryalus in book 23; in other accounts, he is the architect who constructed the Trojan horse and was one of the men hiding inside, 23.664
Ephialtes: Giant, son of Aloeus and Iphimedia, brother of Otos, who fought the gods and captured Ares 5.386
Ephyra: Capital of ancient Thesprotia in northwest Greece, 2.659
Epidarus: Ancient Greek city on the Argolic peninsula at the Saronic Gulf, 2.561
Erebus: Ancient Greek embodiment of primordial darkness, 8.368
Erichthonius: Son of Dardanus, king of Dardania, brother of Ilus, and father of Tros, 20.219
Epistrophus: Son of Iphitus, leader (with his brother Schedius) of the Phocians, and one of Helen’s suitors, 2.518; Leader (with Odius) of the Halizone forces, allied to Troy, 2.856
Erechtheus: Legendary early ruler of Athens who was said to have been raised by Athena herself; the temple of Erechtheum on the Acropolis, dedicated to Athena and Poseidon, is named after him, 2.547
Eretria: City on the western side of Euboia, facing Attica, 2.537
Erinyes: see Furies
Eris: see Strife
Erythini: Town in ancient Paphlagonia, Anatolia, 2.855
Erythrae: City in ancient Boeotia, at the foot of Mt. Cithaeron, 2.499
Eteocles: Son of Oedipus and Jocasta, brother of Polynices and Antigone, and co-ruler (with Polynices) of Thebes until they were both killed in battle against one another, 4.386
Eteonus: A city in ancient Boeotia that, according to legend, is where Oedipus was buried, 2.497
Ethiopia: General term Homer uses for the lands of the upper Nile region and areas south of the Sahara Desert, thought to be the extreme ends of the earth, 1.424
Euaemon: Son of King Ormenus of Ormenium, and father of Euryplyus, 2.736
Euboia: Large island on the eastern coast of northern Greece, separated from mainland Greece by the Euripus Strait, 2.536
Euchenor: Corinthian son of Polydius, the seer, who (with his brother, Cleitus) participated in the Epigoni campaign before sailing for Troy, 8.663
Eudorus: The second of Achilles’ five commanders of the Myrmidons, son of Hermes and Polymele, raised by Phylas, 16.179
Eumelus: Leader of the forces from Pherae and Ioclus, son of Admetus and Alcestis, husband of Iphthime, father of Zeuxippus, and one of Helen’s suitors, 2.714
Euneus: King of Lemnos, son of Jason and Hypsipyle, 7.468
Euphorbus: Trojan son of Panthous and Phrontis, brother of Polydamas and Hyperenor, who wounded Patroclus before Achilles killed him, 16.808
Europa: Son of either King Agenor of Tyre or his son Phoenix, mother of King Minos of Crete, abducted by Zeus; Europe is named after her, 14.321
Eurus: see East Wind
Euryalus: One of the leaders of the Argive forces, member of the Argonauts and one of the Epigoni, 2.565
Eurybates: Herald to Agamemnon who, along with Talthybius, took Briseïs from Achilles 1.320
Eurynome: An Oceanid, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, mother of the Graces, and along with Thetis nursed Hephaestus back to health after being thrown from Olympus, 18.398
Eurypylus (2): King of Cos, son of Poseidon and Astypalaea, 2.677; Thessalonian king, son of Euaemon, one of Helen’s suitors, and leader of the forces from Ormenius and Asterium, 2.736
Eurystheus: King of Tirys or Argos who charged Heracles to perform the famed twelve labors, 8.363
Eurytus (2): King of Oechalia and skilled bowman, 2.596; son of Actor or Poseidon, twin brother of Cteatus, and father of Thalpius, 2.621
Eussorus: Thracian father of Acamas and Anete, 6.7
Eutresis: City in ancient Boeotia, 2.501

Fates (Moirai): Incarnations of destiny often portrayed as a trio: Clotho spins the thread of life, Lachesis measures the thread, and Atropos cuts the thread, 19.87
Fear (Phobos): Greek god of fear, son of Ares and Aphrodite, and twin brother of Terror (Deimos), 4.441
Furies (Erinyes): Female deities of vengeance, often portrayed as a trio: Alecto (“endless anger”), Megaera (“jealous rage”), and Tisiphone (“vengeful destruction”), 9.455

Gaia (Earth): Greek primordial deity personifying Earth, mother and wife of Ouranos, mother of the Titans, the Cyclopes, the Giants, and many more, 15.36
Galatea: A Nereid, or sea nymph, who (according to Hesiod) was considered the most beautiful of the daughters of Nereus and Doris, 18.45
Ganymede: Son of Tros, brother of Ilus, abducted by Zeus, granted immortality, and made Zeus’ cupbearer, 5.266
Gargaron: One of the three peaks of Mt. Ida, south of Troy, in Anatolia, 8.47
Gerenia: Town in ancient Messenia that was the original home of Nestor, 2.336
Glaphyrae: Town in ancient Magnesia, Thessaly, 2.712
Glaucus (2): Son of Hippolochus, grandson of Bellerophon, and Captain of Lycian forces under his cousin Sarpedon, 2.876; king of Corinth, son of Sisyphus, father of Bellerophon, great-grandfather of Glaucus, 6.154
Glisas: City in ancient Boeotia, 2.504
Gonoessa: Town in ancient Greece on the coast of Achaea, 2.573
Gorgon: Creatures with living snakes for hair who can petrify anyone who looked into her eyes, 5.741
Gorgythion: Son of Priam and Castianeira, known for his good looks but killed by Teucer, 8.303
Gortyn: City in ancient Crete, 2.646
Gouneus: Leader of the Aenian and Perrhaebian forces, 2.748
Graces (Charities): Greek goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, creativity, goodwill, and fertility; in book 5, Homer associates them with Aphrodite, but in book 18, Charis (the youngest of the Graces) is depicted as Hephaestus’ wife, 5.337
Graea: A city on the coast of ancient Boeotia, 2.498
Granicus: Small river in the northwest part of Anatolia (it is now called the Biga River), 12.20
Great Bear: Constellation (also called Wain) found year-round in northern hemisphere (so it never drops below horizon or joins with Oceanus), 18.487
Gygaean Lake: Lake in western Anatolia, south of Troy, now called Lake Marmara, 2.866
Gyrtone: Town in ancient Pelasgiotis, Thessaly, between the Titaresius and Peneius rivers, 2.738

Hades: God of the dead, king of the underworld, brother of Zeus and Poseidon, 1.3
Haemon: Son of Creon and Eurydice and father of Maeon and a figure in Sophocles’ play Antigone, 4.394
Haliartus: City of Boeotia and member of the Boeotian League, 2.503
Halizones: Trojan allies from an unknown region, possibly in eastern Anatolia near the Black Sea, 2.856
Harma: City in ancient Boeotia, situated on the road between Thebes and Chalcis, 2.499
Hebe: Goddess of youth and cupbearer for the gods, 4.2
Hecamede: Daughter of Arsinous, captured on the island of Tendeos and given as prize to Nestor, 11.624
Hector: Son of Priam and Hecuba, brother of Paris and Cassandra, and leader of the Trojan forces during the Trojan War, 1.242
Hecuba: Wife of Priam, king of Troy, and mother of Hector, Paris, Cassandra, Troilus, and and fifteen others, 6.253
Helen: Considered the most beautiful woman in the world, daughter of Zeus and Leda, and wife of Menelaus until she was taken by Paris to Troy, thus starting the Trojan War. After the war, she returned to Sparta and resumed her role as Menelaus’ wife, 2.161
Helenus: Soothsayer and son of Trojan King Priam and Hecuba and twin brother of Cassandra, 6.75
Helicaon: Trojan warrior, son of Antenor and husband of Laodice, daughter of Priam and Hecuba, 3.123
Helice: City in ancient Achaea in northern Peloponnese whose temple to Helikonian Poseidon was a major religious center in ancient Greece, 2.575
Helios: The personification of the sun, depicted with a golden crown and a horse-drawn chariot as he streaks across the sky, 3.277
Hellas: Town in ancient Thessaly, on the west side of the Pagasetic Gulf, 2.683
Hellespont: Narrow strait in northwestern Anatolia, near Troy, that separates the Aegean Sea from the Black Sea (as well as separating Europe from Asia); today, it is called the Dardanelles, 2.845
Helos (2): City on the ancient coast of Laconia, Peloponnese, east of the mouth of the Eurotas river, 2.583; city in ancient Elis, Peloponnese, 2.594
Hephaestus: God of craftsmen, artisans, fire, and volcanoes who was lame in one foot, son of Zeus and Hera (or Hera alone) and husband of Aphrodite, 1.571
Hera (2): Goddess of women, family, marriage, and childbirth, one of the Twelve Olympians, and sister/wife to Zeus, 1.55; Heraion of Argos is an ancient temple in Argos, part of the Argolid, a sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Hera, 4.8
Heracles: Great Greek hero, born in Thebes, son of Zeus and Alcmene, and father of Tlepolemus, 2.653
Heraion of Argos: see Hera
Hermes: Herald, or messenger, of the gods, and protector of heralds, thieves, travelers, merchants, and orators, 2.104
Hermione: Ancient port town in Argolis, Peloponnese, 2.560
Hermus: Ancient Anatolian name for the Gediz river in modern-day Turkey, 20.392
Hippemolgi: A group of people in ancient Thrace that avoided consuming living things and lived on things like milk and honey—hence their name, which literally means “mare-milkers,” 13.5
Hippodameia: Wife of Peirithous, mother of Polypoetes, who was abducted by centaurs on her wedding day but rescued by Theseus and Peirithous, 2.742
Hippolochus: Father of Glaucus and son of Bellerophon, 6.119
Hippothous: Son of Lethus, grandson of Teutamus, and leader (with his brother Pylaeus) of the Pelasgi forces from Larisa, 2.841
Hire: Town in ancient Messenia, Peloponnese, near the Neda River, 9.150
Histiaea: Town on the northern coast of ancient Euboia, now called Oreus, 2.537
Hours: Goddesses of the seasons, the passage of time, and guardians of the gates of Olympus, 5.749
Hyades: Sisterhood of nymphs who bring rain, 18.486
Hyampolis: Town in ancient Phocis, also known as Hya, 2.521
Hyle: City in ancient Boeotia on the shore of Lake Hylica, 2.500
Hyllus: River in Lydia, south of Troy, 20.392
Hyperion: Titan, son of Gaia and Uranus and father of Helios, Moon, and Dawn, 8.480
Hyperesia: Ancient Greek city on the northwest coast of Achaea, west of Corinth, 2.573
Hypnos: see Sleep
Hypoplakia: see Cilicians
Hypsipyle: Queen of Lemnos, daughter of King Thoas of Lemnos, granddaughter of Dionysus and Ariadne, who was later sold as a slave to Lycurgus, king of Nemea, but later freed by her sons, 7.469
Hyria: Region in ancient Boeotia, 2.496
Hyrmine: Town on the coast of ancient Elis, Peloponnese, 2.616
Hyrtacus: Comrade of Priam, husband of Arisbe, and father to Asius, leader of the forces from the Hellespont, 2.837

Ialmenus: Son of Ares and Astyoche, twin brother of Aspledon, member of the Argonauts, and one of the suitors for Helen, 2.512
Ialysus: Town on the northwestern corner of Rhodes, 2.656
Iardanus: Small river in Elis, Peloponnese, 7.135
Iapetus: Titan, son of Uranus and Gaia, father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoetius, 8.478
Icarian: Part of the Achaean sea that lies between the Cyclades islands and the southwestern part of Anatolia, 2.145
Ida: Mountain in Anatolia, south of Troy where the gods, particularly Zeus, often gathered to watch the war, 2.821
Idas: Prince of Messenia, member of the argonauts, husband of Marpessa, and father of Cleopatra, 9.558
Idomeneus: Son of Deucalion and Cleopatra, half-brother of Meriones, leader (with Meriones) of the Cretan forces, and a trusted advisor to Agamemnon, 1.145
Ilus: Founder of Ilios or Troy, son and heir of King Tros of Dardania and Callirhoe, father of Laomedon, 10.415
Imbrius: Son of Mentor, Trojan soldier, originally from Pedaeum, and married to Priam’s daughter Medesicaste, 13.171
Imbros: Large island in the far north of the Aegean Sea, just northwest of the entrance to the Hellespont, 13.33
Iolcus: Town in ancient Magnesia, Thessaly, north of the Pagasitic Gulf, 2.713
Ionians: Greek tribe associated with Athens and the areas around Boeotia, 13.685
Iphianassa: Daughter of Agamemnon and Clytaemenstra who is otherwise unknown, though some suggest her to be identical to Iphigeneia, the daughter of Agamemnon who was sacrificed at the start of the Trojan campaign, though this seems unlikely given that Agamemnon describes her as still living, 9.145
Iphiclus: Husband of Diomedeia, father of Protesilaus and Podarces, an Argonaut, known for his speed, 2.705
Iphitus: Father of Schedius, king of Phocia, and member of the Argonauts, 2.518
Iris: Goddess of rainbows and messenger of the gods, daughter of Thaumas and Electra, 2.786
Isus: Son of Priam and Hecuba, killed by Agamemnon, 11.101
Ithaca: Island on the Ionian Sea in western Greece, home of Odysseus, 2.632
Ithome: Town in ancient Histiaeotis, Thessaly, near the modern town of Fanari, 2.729
Iton: Town in ancient Thessaly, on the river Cuarius, 2.697
Ixion: King of the Lapiths of Thessaly, husband of Dia, and father of Peirithous, 14.317

Jason: Great Greek hero, leader of the Argonauts, who captured the Golden Fleece, son of Aeson, husband of Medea, father of Euneus and many more (many of which were killed by Medea), 7.468

Kydoimos: see Tumult
Keres: see Doom
Kypros: see Aphrodite

Laas: City in ancient Laconia, Peloponnese, on the western coast of the Laconian Gulf, 2.585
Lacedaemon: Original name for the region around Sparta in southern Peloponnese, 2.581
Laertes: King of the Cephallenians (which included Ithaca), father of Odysseus, and member of the Argonauts, 2.173
Laodice: Daughter of Priam and Hecuba, wife of Helicaon, and considered the most beautiful of Priam’s daughters, 3.122; for Laodice mentioned in book 9, see Electra
Laomedon: Trojan king, son of Ilus, and father of Priam, 5.269
Lapiths: Legendary tribe from Thessaly, near Mt. Pelion, led by Polypoetes and Leonteus, 12.141
Larisa: Ancient city southwest of Troy inhabited by the Pelasgi tribes, 2.841
Leitus: One of the leaders of the Boeotian forces, he sailed with the Argos and was one of Helen’s suitors, 2.494
Leleges: People of the Mysia region of northwest Anatolia, allies of Troy, 10.428
Lemnos: Island in the north-east Aegean, near the Hellespont; was home to the Sintians, a Thracian people who worshiped Hephaestus, 1.593
Lesbos: Island in the northeast Aegean Sea, near the coast of Anatolia, 9.128
Leto: Daughter of the Titans Coeus and Phoebe and the mother of Apollo and Artemis, 1.9
Licymnius: Friend of Heracles and illegitimate son of Electryon, King of Tiryns and Mycenae, 2.662
Lilaea: Nymph of the spring of Lilaea, daughter of Cephissus, 2.523
Litae: see Prayers
Little Ajax: See Ajax (Little)
Lindos: City on the eastern coast of Rhodes, 2.656
Linos: The son of Apollo who invented rhythm and melody and taught these skills to his brother Orpheus before being killed by a young Heracles; the Linos song, a lament, is sung in honor of him, 18.570
Locrians: Tribe in ancient Greece, inhabiting the area around Parnassus, 2.527
Lycaon: Son of Priam and Laothe, half brother of Hector and Paris, who was captured by Achilles and sold as a slave Euenus but freed later, only to meet Achilles in battle and die, 21.35
Lycastus: Town in ancient Crete, 2.647
Lycia: Region of southern Anatolia whose forces was commanded by the cousins Sarpedon and Glaucus, 2.876
Lycomedes: Son of Creon of Thebes and one of the sentries for the Achaeans, 9.84
Lycophron: Son of Mastor and aide to Telamonian Ajax, 15.429
Lyctus: City in ancient Crete and site where Rhea gave birth to Zeus and then hid him in a cave of Mt. Aegaeon, 2.647
Lycurgus: Thracian king who imprisoned members of the cult of Dionysus—including the god’s mother, Ambrosia. As a result, Zeus either blinded Lycurgus or drove him mad, 6.130
Lyrnessus: Town in ancient Dardania, Anatolia, closely associated with the Cicilian Thebe (Thebe Hypoplakia), 2.690

Macar: Legendary founder of Lesbos, 24.544
Machaon: Skilled healer, son of the god of medicine, Asclepius, and leader (with his brother Podaleirius) of the forces from Tricca, Ithome, and Oechalia, 2.732
Maeander: River in southwestern Anatolia, 2.869
Maeon: Son of Haemon who had prophetic abilities and was the only man spared when fifty Thebans tried to ambush Tydeus, 4.394
Maeonian: Inhabitants of Lydia in western Anatolia, allies of Troy, 2.864
Magnetes: Ancient Greek tribe who inhabited Magnesia, Thessaly, near Mt. Pelion, 2.757
Mantineia: City in ancient Arcadia, Peloponnese, that was the site of two significant battles during the Peloponnesian War, 2.607
Mases: City on the Argolic peninsula in ancient Argos, 2.562
Mecisteus: Father of Euryalus and, with his brother Adrastus, was one of the Seven Against Thebes, 2.566
Medeon: City in ancient Boeotia, 2.501
Medon: Son of Oïleus and Rhene, half-brother of Ajax the Lesser, who fled to Phylace from his father’s house after killing a relative of his stepmother Eriopis, who led the Meliboean forces after Philoctetes was abandoned on Lemnos due to a snake bite, 2.727
Meges: Commander of the Dulichians forces, son of Phyleus of Elis, one of Helen’s suitors, 2.627
Meleager: Legendary Calydonian hero who led the Calydonian boar hunt and was a member of the Argonauts, 2.642
Meliboea: Town in ancient Magnesia, Thessaly, that was famous for its purple dye, 2.717
Menelaus: King of Lacedaemon (Sparta), brother of Agamemnon, and husband to Helen of Sparta until Paris of Troy took her away, thus starting the Trojan War, 1.159
Menestheus: King of Athens, son of Orneus, great-grandson of Erechtheus, and leader of the Athenian force in Troy, 2.552
Menoetius: Son of Actor and Aegina, father of Patroclus, and member of the Argonauts, 1.307
Meriones: Son of Molus, half-brother of Idomeneus, and leader (with Idomeneus) of the Cretan forces, 2.651
Merops: King of Percote, father of Adrastus and Amphius; he possessed prophetic abilities and foresaw the deaths of his sons and urged them not to fight in the Trojan War; they ignored him and were later killed by Diomedes, 2.832
Messe: City in ancient Laconia, Peloponnese, 2.582
Methone: Town in ancient Magnesia, Thessaly, on the Pagasetic Gulf, 2.716
Mideia: Town in ancient Boeotia near Lebadeia and Lake Copias, 2.507
Miletus (2): Town on the north coast of Crete, 2.647; town on the western coast of Anatolia, near the mouth of the Maeander River, 2.868
Minos: King of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa, and became judge of the dead in the underworld, 14.322
Minyan: Group of people in the Aegean who trace their ancestry back to legendary Minyas, 2.512
Mischief (Atë): Ancient Greek personification of mischief, delusion, ruin, and folly, 9.504
Moirai: see Fates
Molus: Illegitimate son of Deucalion of Minos, king of Crete, and the father of Meriones, 10.270
Mount Ida: see Ida
Muses: Goddesses (usually nine in total) of inspiration in science and the arts, daughters of Zeus, 1.1
Mycale: Mountain near the west coast of Anatolia, near the Maeander River, now called Samsun Dağı, 2.870
Mycalessus: City in ancient Boeotia that no longer exists; in 413, the entire population was slaughtered in a raid by Thracians, 2.498
Mycenae: Largest and most powerful region of ancient Greece, located in the northwest part of the Peloponnese, southwest of Athens, 2.569
Mygdon: King of Phrygia, located on the west coast of Anatolia, who fought with Priam against the Amazons, 3.186
Myrmidons: Pythian army under the leadership of Achilles; the name translates as “ant-men,” 1.180
Myrsinus: Town in ancient Elis, Peloponnese, 2.616
Mysians: People from the region of Mysia, in northwest Anatolia, on the south coast of the Propontis (Sea of Marmara), 2.858

Naiad: Female spirit who guard fountains, wells, springs, streams, brooks, and other bodies of fresh water, 14.444
Neleus: King of Pylos, son of Poseidon, and father of Nestor, 2.20
Neoptolemus: Son of Achilles, born on Scyros; in other accounts, he joined the Achaean forces at the end of the Trojan War, slew King Priam, took Hector’s wife Andromache as concubine, and became the mythic king of the Molossians in Epirus, 19.326
Nereids: Sea nymphs and daughters of Nereus, the Old Man of the Sea; Thetis, mother of Achilles, is one of them, 18.49
Nereus: see Old Man of the Sea
Neritum: Island on the Ionian Sea near Ithaca, 2.632
Nestor: Son of Neleus, king of Pylos, a member of the Argonauts, and primary counselor for Agamemnon during Trojan War, 1.248
Night (Nyx): Greek goddess personifying night and darkness who is feared by all, including Zeus, 7.282
Niobe: Daughter of Tantalus, king of Siplyus, and wife of King Amphion of Thebes; after boasting that her twelve children surpassed the Titan Leto, who only had two, the gods punished her by killing all of her children (Apollo killed the sons, Artemis the daughters). In the traditional version of the story, Niobe was later turned to a crying stone on Mt. Sipylus (Spil Daği in modern-day Turkey); the stone is said to cry when snow melts on it. However, in Homer’s version, the people of her town are also turned to stone by Zeus, and the gods have to bury the children, 24.602
Nireus: King of Syme, leader of Syme’s forces, and one of Helen’s suitors, 2.671
Nisa: City in ancient Boeotia, 2.508
Nisyrus: Volcanic island in the Dodecanese between Kos and Tilos, 2.676
North Wind (Boreas): Greek god of the North Wind, which is associated with winter and cold weather, 15.26
Notus: see South Wind
Nysa: Legendary place where the Hyades (water nymphs) raised young Dionysus; the actual location of Nysa is unknown, though many ancients (including Alexander the Great) located it in northwestern India (a city called Nagara), 6.133
Nyx: see Night

Ocalea: City in ancient Boeotia, south of Lake Copias, 2.500
Oceanus: River that circles the world, son of Gaia and Uranus, husband and brother of Tethys, and father to the river gods and Oceanids, 1.423
Odysseus: King of Ithaca, husband of Penelope, father of Telemachus, one of Agamemnon’s most trusted, and main character in Homer’s Odyssey, 1.138
Oechalia: Town in ancient Histiaeotis, Thessaly, on the river Peneius, 2.730
Oedipus: Mythical king of Thebes who was cursed to kill his father and marry his mother, 23.679
Oeneus: Legendary Calydonian king, father of Tydeus and many others, who introduced wine-making to Aetolia, 2.641
Oetylus: City in ancient Laconia, Peloponnese, on the eastern side of the Messenian Gulf, near the modern city of Oitylo, 2.585
Oïleus: King of Locris, an Argonaut, and father of Ajax the Lesser and Medon, 2.728
Old Man of the Sea: Oldest son of Gaia (Earth) and Pontus (Sea), father of 50 daughters including Thetis, mother of Achilles, 1.359
Olenus: Town in ancient Aetolia between the Achelous River and the Evenus River, 2.638
Olizon: Town in ancient Magnesia, Thessaly, 2.717
Oloösson: Town in ancient Perrhaebia, Thessaly, 2.739
Olympus: Highest mountain in Greece and home of Zeus and the other Olympian gods (Hera, Athena, Apollo, Poseidon, Ares, Artemis, Demeter), 1.18
Onchestus: City in ancient Boeotia, northwest of Thebes that is often associated with Poseidon, 2.506
Oneiros: see Dream
Opoeis: Town in ancient Locria, located on the coast of central Greece, 2.531
Orchomenus (2): City in ancient Boeotia, also referred to as Minyean Orchomenus because it was founded by the legendary Minyas, 2.511; City in Arcadia, in northern Peloponnese, also referred to as Arcadian Orchomenus to distinguish it from the other Orchomenus, 2.605
Orestes: Prince of Mycenae, son of Agamemnon and Clytemenstra; he is the subject of numerous Greek dramas, 9.142
Orion: Giant hunter turned into a constellation by Zeus after being killed by Artemis, 18.486
Ormenius: Town in ancient Thessaly and the birthplace of Phoenix, 2.734
Orneae: City in ancient Argolis, Peloponnese, 2.571
Orthe: Town in ancient Perrhaebia, Thessaly, 2.739
Othryoneus: Trojan soldier from Cabesus, suitor of Cassandra of Troy, killed by Idomeneus, 13.363
Otos: Giant, son of Aloeus and Iphimedia, brother of Ephialtes, who fought the gods and captured Ares, 5.385
Ouranos: Greek god personifying the sky or heavens, son and husband of Gaia, father of the Titans, the Cyclopes, the Meliae, the Furies, the Giants, the Hekatonkheires, and Aphrodite, 1.404

Paeonia: Region north of Greece, in modern-day Macedonia, who were allied with the Trojans, 2.848
Paesus: See Apaesus
Paean: Physician of the gods; based on Mycenaean Greek writings, Paean might be another name for Apollo, who is also a healer, 5.401
Pammon: Trojan prince, son of Priam and Hecuba, who was one of the leaders the Trojan forces after Hector’s death; in other accounts, he was killed by Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, 24.250
Pandarus: Trojan who led the forces from Zeleia, son of Lycaon, well-known for his archery, who is tricked by Athena to shoot Menelaus during a truce, 2.827
Panopeus: City in ancient Phocis, home of Schedius, king of Phocia and leader of Phocian contingent in Troy, 2.520
Panthous: Trojan elder, priest of Apollo, and father of Euphorbus, Polydamas, and Hyperenor, 147.
Paphlagonia: Region in the north-central region of Anatolia, bordering the Black Sea, 2.851
Parrhasia: City in ancient Arcadia, Peloponnese, 2.608
Parthenius: River in northern Anatolia that empties into the Black Sea, 2.854
Pasithea: One of the Graces, daughter of Zeus and Eurynome, the personification of relaxation, meditation, and hallucination, 14.269
Patroclus: son of Menoetius, grandson of King Actor of Opus, and close companion to Achilles, 1.337
Pedasus: Son of the water nymph Abarbarea and the human Bucolion, 6.21
Peirithous: King of the Laphtis of Larissa in Thessaly, friend of Theseus, father of Polypoetes, 2.741
Peirous: Son of Imbrasus, leader (with Acamas) of the Thracian forces who fought for Troy, 2.844
Pelasgi: Tribes from Larisa, southwest of Troy, and supporters of the Trojans, 2.840
Pelasgian Argos: Region on Greece’s eastern coast also known as Thessaly, 2.681
Peleus: King of Phthia, father of Achilles, husband of sea-nymph Thetis, brother of Telamon, 1.1
Pelion: Mountain in southeastern Thessaly that was home to the centaurs, including Chiron, 2.758
Pellene: Most easterly city in ancient Achaea, bordering Sicyon on the east and Hyperesia on the west, 2.574
Pelops: King of Pisa in the Peloponnese (which were named after him) and mythical founder of the Olympic games, 2.104
Peneius: River in Thessaly that flows from the Pindus mountains to the Aegean Sea and is named after the river god Peneus, 2.752
Peneleos: One of the leaders of the Boeotian forces, he sailed with the Argos and was one of Helen’s suitors, 2.494
Peraebi: Ancient Greek people who lived on the slopes of Mt. Olympus between Thessaly and Macedonia, 2.749
Percote: Town in ancient Mysia on the southern side of the Hellespont, northeast of Troy, 2.832
Pergamus: The name of the citadel of Troy, 4.507
Persephone: Daughter of Zeus and Demeter, mother of Dionysus, queen of the underworld, and goddess of growth and fertility, 9.457
Perseus: Great hero, founder of Mycenae, slayer of Medusa, saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus, son of Zeus and Danaë, 14.320
Peteon: City in ancient Boeotia, 2.500
Phaistos: City on ancient Crete, 2.648
Pharis: Town in ancient Laconia on the Spartan plain, 2.582
Pheidippus: Son of Thessalus, grandson of Heracles, and co-leader (with his brother Antiphus) of the forces from Nisyrus, Carpathus, Casus, and Cos, 2.678
Pheneos: Town in northeast ancient Arcadia, Peloponnese, 2.605
Pherae: City-state in ancient Thessaly, near Lake Boebeïs and the modern city of Velestino, 2.711
Phereclus: Trojan shipbuilder, son of Harmon, who built the ship that Paris used to abduct Helen from Sparta; he was killed by Meriones, 5.59
Pheres: Founder of Pherae, Thessaly, son of Cretheus and Tyro, half-brother of Pelias, father of Admetus, and grandfather of Eumelus, 2.764
Pherusa: a Nereid, or sea nymph, who was the daughter of Nereus and Doris; she and her sister Dynamene were associated with great ocean swells, 18.43
Pheia: City in ancient Elis, Peloponnese, near the modern-day Cape of Katakolo, 7.135
Philoctetes: Famed archer, son of Poeas, king of Meliboea, leader of the Meliboean forces who was famed for his archery, and the subject of many Greek tragedies due to his being abandoned on the island of Lemnos at the start of the war after a deadly snake bite, 2.718
Phobos: see Fear
Phocians: People from the area of Phocis in central Greece that included Delphi, 2.517
Phoenicians: Seafaring people who lived in modern-day Lebanon but traded throughout the Mediterranean, 23.744
Phoenix (2): Son of King Amyntor of Elon who fled his home when young and was taken in by Peleus, king of Phthia, and charged with raising Achilles, 9.168; son of Agenor, brother of Cadmus and Cilix, and either the brother or father of Europa (Homer is the only source that calls him her father), and was charged with rescuing Europa from Crete after she was abducted by Zeus, 14.321
Phorcys: Son of Phaenops, leader (with Ascanius) of the Phrygian forces, 2.863
Phrygians: Allies of the Trojans from the Phrygia region of central Anatolia, 2.862
Phthia: An area in Thessaly that is home to the Myrmidons, their ruler King Peleus, and his son Achilles, 1.155
Phthires: Mountain in southwestern Anatolia, now called Mt Latmus, 2.869
Phylace: Town in ancient Thessaly, founded by Phylacus, 2.695
Phyleus: Elean prince, father of Meges, and one of the participants in the Calydonian boar hunt, 2.628
Pieria: Region in northern Greece where Mt. Olympus is located, 14.226
Pittheus: King of Troezen, father of Aethra, and grandfather of Theseus, 3.144
Pityea: Town in ancient Mysia, on the coast near the Propontis (Sea of Marmara), 2.829
Plataea: City in ancient Boeotia, south of Thebes, 2.504
Pleiades: Seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione, turned into star cluster by Zeus, associated with winters and with rain, 18.486
Podaleirius: Skilled healer, son of the god of medicine, Asclepius, and leader (with his brother Machaon) of the forces from Tricca, Ithome, and Oechalia, 2.732
Podarces: Son of Iphiclus, one of Helen’s suitors, and the leader of the Phylacean forces after his brother Protesilaus was killed, 2.704
Podes: Son of Eëtion, close friend to Hector, killed by Menelaus, 17.575
Polites: Prince of Troy, son of Priam and Hecuba, brother of Hector, Paris, Cassandra, and many others, 2.791
Polybus: Trojan son of Antenor and Theano, 11.59
Polydamas: Trojan lieutenant, one of Hector’s soldiers, son of Panthous and Phrontis, 12.60
Polydeuces: see Castor & Polydeuces (Pollux)
Polydorus: Youngest son of King Priam of Troy who was killed by Achilles but subsequently figures (as a supernatural figure) in other ancient works like Euripides’ Hecuba and Vergil’s Aeneid, 20.407
Polynices: Son of Oedipus and Jocasta, brother of Antigone, who fought his brother Eteocles for rule of Thebes as one of the “Seven Against Thebes,” 4.378
Polyphemus: Son of Elatus and Hippea, Achaean hero and member of the Argonauts, 1.264
Polypoetes: Theban warrior, son of Peirithous and Hippodameia, leader (with Leonteus) of the Lapith forces, 2.740
Polyxeinus: Son of King Agasthenes of Elis, and one of Helen’s suitors, 2.623
Portheus: More commonly known as Porthaon, he was king of Calydon, son of Agenor or Ares, brother of Demonice and Thestius, husband of Euryte, 14.115
Poseidon: God of the sea, storms, earthquakes, and horses, son of Cronos and Rhea, brother of Zeus, Hera, and Hades, 2.506
Priam: Son of Laomedon, king of Troy, husband of Hecuba, father to Hector, Paris, Cassandra, and fifty more, 1.255
Prayers: Ancient Greek personification of prayer and supplication who appear only in the Iliad, 9.502
Proetus: Son of Abas and king of Argos and Tiryns, 6.157
Protesilaus: Son of Iphiclus, brother of Podarces, one of Helen’s suitors, leader of the Phylacean forces, and first man to leap ashore in Troy and the first man to be killed, 2.698
Prothoenor: One of the leaders of the Boeotians who was killed by Polydamas, 2.495
Prothous: Son of Tenthredon and either Eurymache or Cleobule, and leader of the Magnetes forces, 2.756
Pteleos (2): City in ancient Elis, Peloponnese, 2.593; town in ancient Thessaly, near Antron at the entrance to the Pagasetic Gulf, 2.698
Pygmies: Race of small people who lived on the shores of the earth-circling river Oceanus and were involved in frequent wars with the cranes, 3.6
Pylaemenes: King of the Eneti tribe who led the Paphlagonian forces, 2.852
Pylaeus: Son of Lethus, grandson of Teutamus, and leader (with his brother Hippothous) of the Pelasgi forces from Larisa, 2.842
Pylene: Town in ancient Aetolia between the Achelous and Evenus Rivers, 3.639
Pylos: City on the western coast of the Peloponnese, 1.248
Pyraechmes: Leader of the Paeonian forces, killed by Patroclus, 2.848
Pyraus: Town in ancient Thessaly, on the Papasaean Gulf, 2.695
Pytho: Ancient name for Delphi, the sanctuary for Apollo that was home to the Oracle of Delphi, 2.520

Rhadamanthys: King of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa, and after death became one of the judges of the dead in the underworld, 14.322
Rhea: Titan, daughter of Gaia and Ouranos, sister of Cronus, and mother of Zeus, Hera, Hestia, Demeter, Poseidon, and Hades, 14.203
Rhene: Nymph who was mother of Medon, whose father was Oïleus, 2.728
Rhesus: Thracian king who arrived late to the war and was killed by Odysseus and Diomedes before engaging in battle, 10.453
Rhipe: City in ancient Arcadia, Peloponnese, 2.606
Rhodes: Largest of the Dodecanese islands, off the coast of Anatolia and northeast of Crete, 2.654
Rhodius: River in ancient Troyad that flowed from Mt. Ida to the Hellespont, 12.20
Rhytium: Town on ancient Crete that was home to the Gortynians, 2.648
Rumor (Pheme): The Greek personification of fame, glory, and scandalous rumors, 2.94

Salamis: Island off the coast of Attica, near Athens, 2.557
Samos: Island on the Ionian Sea near Ithaca, 2.635
Samothrace: Island in the northern Aegean Sea, northwest of the Hellespont, 13.12
Sangarius: River that runs through ancient Phrygia in western Anatolia; today, the river is called Sakarya, 3.187
Sarpedon: Son of Zeus, grandson of Bellerophon, and leader (with his cousin Glaucus) of the Lycian forces, 2.876
Scamander: The river that surrounded Troy personified by the river god of the same name, 2.465
Scandeira: Town on the island of Cytheria, off the southern coast of the Peloponnese, 10.269
Scarphe: Town in ancient Locria, in central Greece, 2.532
Schedius: Son of Iphitus, king of Phocis, leader of the Phocians, and one of the suitors of Helen, 2.517
Schoenus: A city in ancient Boeotia located east of Thebes, 2.497
Scolus: Town in ancient Boeotia, 2.497
Scyros: Island in the Aegean Sea where Achilles lived and where Neoptolemus was born, 9.668
Semele: Mother of Dionysus by Zeus, later became goddess Thyone who presided over the rites inspired by her son, 14.323
Sesamus: City in ancient Paphlagonia, Anatolia, near the modern-day city of Amasra, 2.853
Sestus: City in ancient Thrace, on the north coast of the Hellespont in the Thracian Chersonese region (now called Gallipoli), 2.836
Sidon: Ancient Phonecian city located about 30 miles (48 km) south of Beirut in modern-day Lebanon, 23.743
Sicyon: Ancient Greek city located in the northern part of the Peloponnese, west of Corinth, 2.572
Simoïs: River and god who flowed from Mount Ida to the Trojan plain (joining with the Scamander), now called Dümruk Su, 4.475
Sintians: A Thracian people who inhabited the area of Sintice and the island of Lemnos and worshiped Hephaestus, 1.594
Sipylus: Mountain in Anatolia, home of the “weeping rock” that is said to be Niobe, mourning the deaths of her children at the hands of Apollo and Artemis, 24.614
Sisyphus: King of Ephyra who was punished by the gods to forever roll a giant boulder up a hill over and over again, 6.154
Sleep (Hypnos): Personification of sleep, son of Nyx and Erebus and brother of Death (Thanatos), 14.231
Solymoi: The people of a mountainous region in southwest Anatolia now called Milyas, 6.184
South Wind (Notus): Greek god of the south wind, associated with summer and heat and was said to bring the storms of late summer and autumn, 2.145
Sparta: Major ancient Greek city in Laconia near the Eurotas River, 2.582
Spercheus: A god and river in Phthiotis in central Greece, father of Menesthius, 16.174
Stentor: Herald of the Argives, 5.785
Sthenelus: Son of Capaneus, leader (with Diomedes) of the Argive forces, a member of the Epigoni, and suitor for Helen, 2.564
Stratia: City in ancient Arcadia, Peloponnese, 2.606
Strife (Eris): Greek goddess of strife and discord, 4.441
Stymphalus: City in northeast ancient Arcadia, Peloponnese, 2.608
Styra: Town on the west coast of ancient Euboia, north of Carystus, 2.539
Styx: One of the rivers that marked the boundary between Earth and the underworld of Hades, 2.755
Sun: see Helios
Syme: Island off the coast of southeastern Anatolia that is best known as the birthplace of the Graces (Charities), 2.671

Talaus: King of Argos, member of the Argonauts, son of Bias and Pero, father of Mecisteus and Adrastus and grandfather of Euryalus, 2.566
Talthybius: Herald to Agamemnon who, along with Eurybates, took Briseïs from Achilles, 1.320
Tarphe: Town in ancient Locria on the Boagrius River that had a temple to Hera, 2.532
Tartarus: Deep abyss far below the surface of the Earth where Zeus hurled the Titans after their battle and where he keeps them prisoner, 8.13
Tegea: City in ancient Arcadia, Peloponnese, 2.607
Telamon: Father of Ajax the Greater, member of the Argonauts, and king of Salamis, 7.234
Telemachus: Son of Odysseus of Ithaca who, in some stories, later marries the goddess Circe, 2.260
Tenedos: An island in the northeastern part of the Aegean, near the Hellespont, 1.38
Terror (Deimos): The Greek god of dread and terror, son of Ares and Aphrodite, and twin brother of Fear (Phobos), 4.440
Tethys: a Titan, daughter of Uranus and Gaia, sister and wife to Oceanus, and mother to all river gods and the Nereids, 14.201
Teucer: son of King Telamon of Salamis and Hesione, daughter of King Laomedon of Troy, brother of King Priam of Troy, and cousin of Telamonian Ajax, 6.31
Teutamus: King of Larisa, son of Amyntor, father of Nanas and Lethus, and grandfather of Hippothous and Pylaeus, 2.843
Thamyris: Thracian singer, son of Philammon and the nymph Argiope, who lost his ability to sing and play the lyre after boasting that he could sing better than the Muses, 2.595
Thanatos: see Death
Thaumacia: Town in ancient Magnesia, Thessaly, 2.716
Theano: Pristess of Athena in Troy, daughter of King Cisseus of Thrace and Telecleia, sister of Hecuba, wife of Antenor, and mother of Glaucus, Acamas, and many more, 5.70
Thebes (2): City in ancient Anatolia, at the foot of Mt. Placus, the home of Hector’s wife Andromache and one of the towns raided by the Argives during the Trojan War, 1.366; famous city in ancient Boeotia, home of Heracles, Oedipus, and the wars of the Seven Against Thebes, 2.505
Themis: Greek Titan goddess personifying divine order, fairness, law, and custom, whose symbol is the scales of justice, mother of the Hours (Horae) and the Moirai (Fates), 15.88
Thersites: Soldier in the Achaean forces who insults Agamemnon and questions the validity of the war, 2.212
Theseus: Greek hero who defeated the Minotaur, was founding father of Athens, and unified all Attica, 1.265
Thespeia: A city in ancient Boeotia located near modern Thespies, 2.497
Thetis: A sea nymph, daughter of Nereus, the Old Man of the Sea, who married the mortal Peleus and became mother of Achilles, 1.357
Thisbe: City in ancient Boeotia, south of Mt. Helicon and near the sea, 2.501
Thoas: King of Aetolia, leader of the Aetolian forces, son of Andraemon and Gorge, and one of Helen’s suitors, 2.640
Thracians: Inhabitants of the European areas north of the Hellespont; the name is also used as a general term to describe many tribes of people who inhabited the Balkans and other areas of southeastern Europe, 2.844
Thrasymedes: Son of Nestor, prince of Pylos, and one of the lead sentries for the Achaean army, 9.81
Thronium: Town in ancient Locria on the river Boagrius 2.533
Thryum: City in ancient Elis, Peloponnese, 2.592
Thyestes: King of Olympia and Mycenae, son of Pelops, brother of Atreus, who exiled his nephews, Agamemnon and Menelaus, and was himself later exiled by them, 2.106
Thymbra: Town near Troy, close to the Thymbrios (now Kemer) River, 10.432
Thymoetes: Trojan elder, son of Laomedon, and soothsayer who prophesied the destruction of Troy, 3.148
Tiryns: City in ancient Argolis, Peloponnese, and the location for the twelve labors of Heracles, 2.559
Titanus: Mountain in Thessaly, near Asterium, 2.735
Titaressu: River in Thessaly, a tributary of the Peneius, which flows south from Mt. Olympus, though according to Homer the Titaressu’s waters do not mix with the Peneius because it is a branch of the river Styx, 2.751
Tithonus: Son of Laomedon, brother of Priam, and lover of Dawn (Eos), 11.1
Tlepolemus: Leader of the Rhodian forces, son of Heracles and Astyocheia, 2.653
Tmolus: Mountain in Lydia, Anatolia, near Sardis, that was named after King Tmolus of Lydia, 2.864
Trachis: City-state in ancient Thessaly, south of the Spercheios River, 2.682
Tricca: Town in ancient Histiaeotis, Thessaly, on the left bank of the Peneius River, 2.729
Tritogeneia: see Athena
Troad: Name for the larger region around Troy in northwestern Anatolia, 6.315
Troezen: Ancient town on the Argolian peninsula in the Peloponnese, southwest of Athens, 2.561
Troilus: Trojan prince, son of Priam, whose death is described in the now-lost Cypria, 24.257
Tros: Founder of Troy, son of Erichthonius, and father of Ilus, Assaracus, and Ganymede, 20.230
Tumult (Cydoemus): Personification of the din and confusion of battle, 18.535
Tydeus: An Aeolian hero in the generation before the Trojan War who was a member of the Seven Against Thebes and later fathered Diomedes, 2.406
Typhoneus: Monstrous giant serpent, son of Gaia and Tartarus, 2.783

Ucalegon: Trojan elder whose hose is set on fire during the sacking of Troy, 3.149
Uranus: Primal sky god, son and husband of Gaia, father of the first Titans and of Aegaeon, 1.404.

West Wind (Zephyrus): Greek god of the west wind, considered the gentlest of the Anemoi, associated with spring, and husband of Iris, 4.276

Xanthos: see Scamander
Xanthus and Balius: immortal horses, children of the harpy Podarge, given to Peleus by Poseidon, who passed them on to Achilles, 16.149

Zacynthus: Island on the Ionian Sea near Ithaca, 2.634
Zeleia: Town in ancient Troad, at the foot of Mt. Ida, that participated on the Trojan side in the Trojan War, 2.824
Zephyrus: see West Wind
Zeus: God of the sky, lightning, and thunder and ruler over all gods on Olympus, 1.5
Zeus of Dodona (Dodonian Zeus): A particular aspect of Zeus that was worshipped at Dodona in Epirus in northwest Greece, 16.233