artwork (usually paintings or drawings of outside views) made while out of doors

French, "fake wood"; decorative paper printed with a wood grain pattern

French, "pasted paper," a subset of collage made using only paper.

depiction tending toward flattened shapes rather than three-dimensional forms, sometimes to the point of non-representation (pure abstraction)

a technique of representing distance that replicates the eye's perception of farther objects as hazier and bluer

visually beautiful; also (usually plural) referring to the branch of philosophy concerned with beauty, especially absent of personal meaning or usefulness

colors next to one another on the color wheel, which tend to blend together smoothly

a style developed by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso and characterized by its nearly-monochromatic palette, and fragmented depictions showing objects from multiple perspectives

human-shaped, from anthrō- (human) + morphos (shape)

a type of printmaking process that combines etching with the ability to create middle tones

referring to Arcadia; "idyllically pastoral, especially idyllically innocent, simple, or untroubled" (Merriam-Webster)

sculpture assembled from pre-existing pieces or found objects

a form of expression which sought to release the imagination of the subconscious by allowing the subversion of the conscious mind

from the French, forward guard, a term borrowed from the military to describe risk-takers, those leading the charge culturally

two-sided symmetry in which two halves of a work of art mirror each other

having an organic shape resembling all or part of a living organism, from "bio-" (life) + "morphos" (shape)

from the Greek calli- (beautiful) + graphy (writing), beautiful or ornamented writing

an early photographic technology, developed by Englishman William Henry Fox Talbot, and utilizing paper negatives

from the Latin for dark chamber, a small hole in the wall of a darkened box that would project an upside-down image of the outside world

an architectural element that juts horizontally from the bulk of the building, supported only at one end

an economic system in which workers exchange labor for a fixed wage and use their wages to buy consumer items

a representation that exaggerates physical features or scenarios, often for comedic or political effect

from the Latin chiaro (light) + scuro (dark), the artistic technique of combining light and shadow to create the illusion of three-dimensional form

from the French coller, "to stick," an artwork that includes pasted pieces of material: paper, cloth, clippings from newspapers or magazines, etc.

the control and occupation of one nation by another

a 16th century Italian performing tradition with stock characters, such as Harlequin, who wears a colorful diamond-patterned suit

colors across the color wheel from each other and that both appear more bold when placed next to each other

the organization of elements within a work of art

professionals trained in the analysis and preservation or artwork

a Russian art movement of the 1920s emphasizing technology and engineering

what a work of art is about; its story

lines that define the borders of a shape

the amount of variation between the highest and lowest values in a work

a type of sculpture created by Vladimir Tatlin, complex assemblages of various found non-art materials suspended from walls

an early positive photographic technology named for its inventor, Frenchman Louis Daguerre

the technique of pressing a sheet of paper onto a painted surface and peeling it off again

a philosophical movement begun in France in the 17th and 18th centuries which advanced rationality and science over received ideas about society, religion, and politics

an intaglio printmaking technique in which an artist draws onto a prepared plate lines which, when the plates is bathed in acid, become incised and hold ink applied in the printing process.

an emphasis on European culture

the front of a building

the surface quality of a painting, showing the touch of the artist's hand. Faktura, the Russian equivalent of this French word, refers to the physical qualities of the materials used

French for "deadly woman," the idea of a woman who attracts and ruins men through her beauty and sexual charms

French, "end of the century;" refers to the final years of the 19th century (the late 1800s)

urban explorers who traversed cities without plan or intent

actual, three-dimensional shape (or the illusion of three-dimensionality)

analysis of a work of art based on its form rather than its subject matter or historical context

the characteristics of a work of art that can be recognized by the eye--line, shape, color, space, texture, etc. These are separate from an artwork's content or story.

a modern theory of art that concentrates on the sensory and material qualities of the work itself

an artistic technique in which pigments are applied to and chemically bond with wet plaster, becoming part of the finished wall

scenes of everyday life

the process of scraping pigment across a canvas that is laid on top of a textured surface

closely-spaced parallel lines

a German folk art technique in which paintings are executed on the underside of glass.

artwork whose subject matter focuses on scenes from the real or mythological past, often with a moral message and dramatic staging

a small religious painting for personal devotion

[From Greek eikon meaning "image" + glúphō meaning "to carve" or "to write"] The visual images and symbols used in a work of art or the study or interpretation of these [Art History Glossary]

a style of representation that perfects or makes "ideal" the subject's features, proportions, etc., in accordance with prevailing beauty standards

a painting in a handmade book

lines that are not actually drawn, but that allow us to "connect the dots" to create the lines in our minds

a type of spirit said to lie atop people in their sleep and even have sexual intercourse with sleeping women

large-scale, mixed-media constructions, often designed for a specific place or for a temporary period of time [tate.org]

a general term that refers to modern architecture often stripped of ornamentation to reveal the beauty of its structural form

the fashion for Japanese art in the West and the Japanese influence on Western art and design following the opening of formerly isolated Japan to world trade in 1853

a panel of judges determining which artists may enter an exhibition

a traditional motif in Christian art depicting the followers of Christ mourning over his dead body

art focusing on natural scenes, sometimes with human-made structures and/or people, but focusing on the environment itself

a system for depicting space that is based on the optical illusion that parallel lines seem to converge as they recede into the distance

Russian folk art woodcuts

diagram of the universe

a strong public statement declaring the beliefs and mission of an individual or group

a scale model for a later sculpture, often made out of simple material, like cardboard

the material(s) from which a work of art is made

Latin, "remember that you shall die;" reminders (such as skulls or sputtering candles) that life is impermanent and fleeting

the overarching label for art produced between 1850 and 1960, and embracing an avant garde, non-traditional approach

characterized by the use of just one color

consisting of just one color

a style of representation that seeks to recreate the visible world or nature

faithful to optical reality—what the eye sees

the area around and between the figure and ground

a photographic image (on paper, glass, or later synthetic materials) with inverted values and and from which a positive photograph could be printed

a Russian art movement that united European developments like Cubism and Futurism with explicitly Russian themes and subjects

a historical construct, the “New Woman” was understood to be young, independent, often smartly dressed with a short bob hairstyle, eschewing home and family life in favor of joining the workforce

not depicting recognizable objects. Non-representational art is sometimes described as pure abstraction.

relating to how the eye perceives the world

in art, defining lines or shapes that are loose and curving like those found in nature

sometimes used as a synonym for Simultanism, or to refer more generally to abstract painting that uses color in a manner comparable to the use of sound and rhythm in music

the lines used in the technique of linear perspective that converge at the vanishing point to suggest the illusion of depth

a heavy, often black, contour line

skilled application of paint, focusing on texture over line and often reflecting visible brushtrokes

a surface for mixing pigments—of the selection of colors an artist uses in an artwork

literally "all-God-ism;" the belief that God is not separate from the universe, but identical with it

a collage constructed from photographs [tate.org]

an artwork depicting a specific individual

the colors red, yellow, and blue, from which the rest of the colors can be formed

the (often problematic) belief that, lacking the corrupting influence of European civilization, non-western peoples were more in tune with the primal elements of nature

original works of art on paper, resulting from the printmaking process; often individually numbered and signed by the artist

size relationship of parts of a body or form to one another and of the parts to the whole

symmetry around a central point or axis, like a sunflower viewed head-on

a mass-produced or found object that the artist transformed into art by the operation of selection and naming

representational art depicts recognizable objects or scenes

clarity of an image

traveling circus performers

how bright or dull a color is; also referred to as intensity

size in relation to other objects in a work of art—or in the world around it

nomadic tribes who roamed Siberia in the first millennium BCE

colors formed by mixing two primary colors

the study of the meaning of signs (words or symbols used to communicated information)

the use of darker colors to create the illusion of shadows

a figure able to act as a channel to the spiritual realm

the property of a two-dimensional form, usually defined by a line around it or a change in color

an art movement using Cubist and Futurist techniques to combine different vantage points into a single "simultaneous" image

artworks depicting an often carefully-arranged collection of stationary objects—typically flowers, fruit, and/or serving ware

an artistic movement that rejected pictorialism in favor of more sharply-focused images that featured modern forms and emphasized the formal elements of the image

characteristic visual properties of works made by an individual artist or by artists working in the same time and place

an artistic approach that conforms to particular conventions, or systems, rather than faithfully representing the natural world

French, "success from scandal"; an artwork or performance that benefits from initially negative reactions

a Russian art movement characterized by non-objective art of "pure feeling"

a very formal type of balance consisting of a mirroring of portions of an image

union of the senses (such as the belief that one might taste a color or smell a musical note)

the second phase of Braque and Picasso's Cubist investigations, involving more color than Analytic Cubism and often featuring collage

a water-soluble, fast-drying, matte medium, traditionally made with egg or milk protein (casein)

colors formed by mixing a primary color with a secondary color

the real or simulated surface quality (roughness or smoothness) of an object

a spiritual movement consisting of a highly eclectic mixture of religious, philosophical, and occultist ideas

from the French for "tricking the eye," an extremely illusionistic and detailed depiction of three-dimensional space designed to fool viewers into thinking the objects shown are real

German, superman or superior man imagined by Nietzche, who masters himself by forging his own way, independent of tradition or conventions

"pictures of the floating world"; inexpensive woodcut prints from Edo Period Japan featuring urban entertainment

the degree of lightness or darkness of a color

in linear perspective, the point at which the orthogonals converge

an impressive display of skill

a relief print made from one of more carved and inked wooden blocks

a word made up by the Russian Futurists, usually translated as "transrational," meaning using non-referential linguistic forms to communicate emotion directly, allowing access to a higher reality