Glossary

software or hardware that is designed to help persons with disabilities access digital content

a process or order of computations that determines how search results or information is presented in an online search tool

gaps in primary source collections that can be unintentional or intentional that silence some voices in archival collections

archive as a verb is the practice of collecting, arranging, and preserving materials in libraries, archives, and museums. an archive can also describe a place where this activity happens that provides access to material in person and online

a term currently used to describe tools based on large language models that respond to natural language questions with text, image, or media-based responses

a written expression of your current artistic goals and motivations

a small application that is designed to be added to a specific browser; popular information-focused extensions include tools to find open access versions of articles, privacy extensions to protect your privacy, and ad blocking extensions

the numbers applied to physical books, scores, films, or audio recordings in a library that help you locate them on the shelf

the set of cards arranged by title, author, or subject that helped users find books on the shelf in a library before online catalogs were developed

an organized list of materials that has been curated by an organization, often libraries, for access by their community; catalogs point to information sources that might be available in a physical space or online

a software tool that helps you collect, manage, and cite resources for your research-creation projects

any agency authorized to collect any kind of royalty on behalf of a copyright holder; in the U.S. this includes performing rights organizations

the person, company, or organization that owns the exclusive rights to a copyrighted work

the act of exercising an exclusive right of someone else's copyrighted work without that copyright holder's permission

a plan where you manage the actual permissions process and document permissions granted for using copyrighted works in your research-creation project

the act of collecting information about websites for the purpose of creating a searchable set of data

a process of challenging what constitutes research by making space for creative material and process-focused research-outcomes. (see Chapman and Sawchuck)

an organization that manages an international set of licenses that allow a copyright holder to determine what users can do with a copyrighted work without seeking permission

one of six licenses managed by creative commons that copyright holders use to give permission in advance to share, reuse, and adapt their copyrighted works by following specified conditions on how the work must be cited, shared, or modified

an alternative form of research dissemination and knowledge mobilization linked to such projects (see Chapman and Sawchuck)

a collection of data objects and their associated metadata that is organized for search and access

the study of elements and dramatic presentation of a work on the stage

a group of experts that manage review and publication of scholarly books or articles for a scholarly journal or publisher

the research created by analyzing data that is observed or collected through experimentation

an exception to copyright law that allows the use of copyrighted work without permission in some situations

in ethnomusicology, the practice of observing and participating in music making and related activities as part of your research methodology

a term used to describe models where a user needs to create an account but can access information for free in exchange for ad placement

the use of an algorithm to search which is not literal and may return results based on likely relevance even though search terms and spellings may not be an exact match

a right that performers must license from the copyright holder (often a publisher) to publicly perform a dramatic work such as a musical, play, opera, or ballet.

a term used to describe the phenomenon of large language models like ChatGPT returning incorrect information

a list of articles or other publications within a discipline or topic; provides bibliographic information such as author(s), title, where it was published, and sometimes abstracts

a map that demonstrates how publishing influences the way information is shared over time.

a recognition that you need information to answer a question. information needs occur in daily life and research practices

a system used by libraries to allow users at one library to request items that are in the collection of another library

the process of taking a part of an existing musical work (not the sound recording) and incorporating it into a new work; classical musicians often refer to this as musical quotation

a type of software model that is programmed to simulate natural language interactions

a list of specific subject terms managed by the Library of Congress that are applied to books, movies, and music in library catalogs in the United States and allow you to find all materials on a subject in a library

a license that allows someone to use a master sound recording in an audio-visual work or as a sample in a new musical work

a license that is necessary to reproduce musical works on streaming platforms, digital downloads, and physical media such as compact disc or vinyl

an organization that maintains a history of public knowledge by collecting and preserving culture

a set of data that describes and gives information about other data; for example the title of a book is a piece of metadata

a systematic approach used by a discipline to conduct research

a research activity that can be associated with one or more methodologies

a diagram used to visually organize information into a hierarchy, showing relationships among pieces of the whole; It is often created around a single concept, drawn as an image in the center of a blank page, to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts of words are added.

a lens or perspective that you are operating in when approaching your research project

a musician who has integrated research into their artistic identity and practices

a music digital service provider that offers streaming or direct digital downloads that is not covered by the Mechanical Licensing Collective (for example, Bandcamp.com)

the philosophical practice of questioning what exists and what does not exist

a term that describes scholarly publications that are freely available to the public

the teaching and learning practices that leverage open, participatory tools to enable collaborative, open learning experiences that often produce open educational resources

any textbook or learning material that is made available under an open license that allows instructors and learners to retain, reuse, remix, revise, and redistribute the material

any type of license that allows for different kinds of reuse, remixing, or redistributing.

an approach to teaching that allows students learn by creating teaching or other educational materials that are designed to be freely available to a public audience

a textbook that is freely available for instructors and students to retain, reuse, remix, revise, and redistribute

the phenomenon of trying to access an information source that can only be viewed, listened to, or interacted with after paying a fee

the process of having your scholarly article or book reviewed by academic peers that have expertise in the same field of research

a membership organization that collects royalties for public performances and distributes them to publishers and composer/songwriters

a website that hosts information sources without permission from the copyright holder

a digital distribution service that makes a curated or user generated set of content available to the public or subscribers

the act of putting theories or ideas into action or ready for external expressions

a subscription model that provides access to specific content to subscribers, sometimes with benefits such as ad-free experiences

an information source that provides information as close as possible to first-hand from when an event of phenomenon happened

the public domain refers to information sources whose copyright has expired. any information sources that are in the public domain can be freely reused without permissions.

defined in copyright law as a performance that is "open to the public or at any place where a substantial number of persons outside of a normal circle of a family and its social acquaintances is gathered" or by transmitting the work to be received remotely by the public

a research methodology focused on analyzing how a musical work was received and understood at the time that it first premiered to a public audience

a collection of research resources and their associated metadata that is organized for search and access

a personal journal that you develop to document all stages of your research-creation project.

a central question or thesis that serves as the central inquiry of a specific research-creation project

research that includes performative or non-text creative aspects as the result, motivation, or methodology for the research itself (see Chapman and Sawchuck)

the gathering of materials, practices, technologies, collaborators, narratives, and theoretical frames that characterizes initial stages of creative work and occurs iteratively throughout a project (see Chapman and Sawchuck)

the extrapolation of theoretical, methodological, ethnographic, or other insights from creative processes, which are then looped back into the project that generated them (see Chapman and Sawchuck)

a published or unpublished source of information in any media or format that helps to address your information need

a comprehensive list of the copyrights involved in a given research-creation project

the payment you receive for a licensed use of your copyrighted musical work or sound recording

an excerpt of a sound recording that is used in a new musical work

an article published in a scholarly journal that has been peer-reviewed; also often called a peer-reviewed or academic article

a book that is peer-reviewed and published by a scholarly press primarily for an academic audience

a journal published regularly that includes scholarly articles in a specific field of research; they are also referred to as peer-reviewed or academic journals

a publisher that specializes in publishing scholarly journals or books

a membership organization for scholars whose research is similar

a program that searches for and identifies items in a database that correspond to keywords or characters specified by the user, used especially for finding particular sites on the World Wide Web.

an information source, typically a scholarly book or scholarly article, that analyzes primary sources or empirical data

a website service that allows composers and songwriters to sell physical copies or license digital copies of their work to customers

a small portion of a work that is accessible during a search when full-text is not available

required by law; in the case of music royalties, these are royalties that are defined in copyright law

the license required to synchronize music to any kind of film or podcast; this includes synchronizing music to video from a live performance [also called a sync license]

a legal process where a copyright holder can require a platform to remove your work from distribution because it infringes copyright

an information source that summarizes secondary research to provide overviews of a topic; tertiary sources written for scholarly use are generally organized by discipline or topic

a piece of data from that a website stores on your computer that the website can retrieve at a later time

when you create a copyrightable work as part of the scope of your employment, it is a work for hire and your employer is the legal copyright holder of that work